Effect of Compensatory Strategies on Severity and Functional Outcome of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia for Stroke Patients

Faculty Nursing Year: 2023
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages:
Authors:
Journal: مكان نشر البحث: Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal تاريخ النشر: March, 2023, Vol. 11, No. 36 Volume:
Keywords : Effect , Compensatory Strategies , Severity , Functional Outcome , Oropharyngeal    
Abstract:
Introduction: Post-stroke dysphagia, a swallowing problem caused by a stroke that affects 39–81% of stroke patients, is one of the most dreaded stroke complications. Aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, prolonged hospital stays, and an elevated fatality rate are all frequently caused by post-stroke dysphagia. A timely diagnosis for post-stroke dysphagia decreases health concerns after stroke and enhances stroke consequence; therefore, prompt identification and suitable action for post-stroke dysphagia could be regarded a vital component of acute management of stroke. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of compensatory strategies on severity and functional outcome of oropharyngeal dysphagia for stroke patients. Through the following specific objectives: 1. Assess manifestations and complications of dysphagia for post stroke patients. 2. Assess severity of dysphagia for post stroke patients. 3. Assess functional outcome of swallowing for post stroke patients. 4. Develop, and implement the Compensatory Strategies for post stroke patients. Hypothesis To fulfil the purpose of this study, the following research hypotheses were formulated: H 1: Post-stroke patients in the study group who used compensatory strategies will experience fewer manifestations and complications compared to the control group H2: Patients in the study group will have a statistically significant reduction in dysphagia severity compared to patients in the control group after the application of compensatory strategies. H3: Functional outcome of swallowing for patients in the study group will demonstrate statistically significant improvements after application of the Compensatory Strategies than control group. Research Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to conduct the study. Study setting: The study was carried out at intensive care unit (ICU), Neurology department in New Surgery Hospital, and Outpatient Clinic of Neurology in Outpatients Clinics Hospital,, affiliated to Zagazig University Hospital. Study Sample: A purposeful sample of (60) post stroke hospitalised adults patients. It was divided into two equal groups, the study group (30 patients) and the control group (30 patients). Tools for data collection: Tool Ι: A Structured interview questionnaire (pre-posttest for both groups):covered four main parts as the following: Part Ι; demographic Data, Part ΙΙ; Patients’ Clinical Characteristics, Part III; Nutritional status assessment sheet, Part IV; Dysphagia symptoms and complications assessment sheet ((Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI)" Tool II: The Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) Tool III: Swallow Function Scoring System (SFSS) Tool IV: Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire Field work The field work began at the beginning of May and continued until the end of October 2022 after receiving all necessary official approvals. The developed compensatory strategies were fulfilled through the use of sessions applied in the study sites for the study group's patients, for 45 minutes, 3 days per week for 8 weeks in parallel. The caregivers were invited to participate in sessions to help the patients in implementing strategies at home. The contents of the strategies were delivered over 6 sequential sessions including theoretical and practical parts. The implementation of Compensatory strategies for post stroke patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia includes postural modifications, swallowing maneuvers, altering the texture of food and fluids, and oropharyngeal exercises. The researchers phoned the patients for follow-up and urged them to apply compensatory strategies completely and regularly at home. During the research group's adoption of the strategies, the patients in the control group continued to receive their regular nursing care from the intensive care unit's nursing staff (e.g., monitoring vital signs, drug administration, hygienic care, suctioning, and feeding) .The researchers made no more interactions with them. Results: Two thirds (66.7%) & the (most 90.0%) of patients in the study group respectively had independent feeding ability through post and follow up phases. highly statistically significant differences were found among the patients in the study group regarding physical, functional, and emotional symptoms of dysphagia through the three phases of the study with X ̅ S. D (161.6 ± 8.2, 82.5 ± 29.2, & 57.8 ± 26.5 respectively) at p=0.000 and F=41.91. Conclusion: Rendering to the study results, it can be concluded that use of the compensatory strategies had a statistically significant positive effect on lessening symptoms, severity, and handicap, of dysphagia. Recommendation: More study on larger sample sizes is proposed to examine various models of compensatory strategies for post stroke dysphagia.
   
     
 
       

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