| Journal: |
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
Springer Nature
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| Abstract: |
Globally, the contamination of aquatic
bodies by improper application of pesticides, particularly
fungicides, endangered aquatic life and
hampered sustainable aquaculture. Exploring innovative
strategies to mitigate this difficult issue as ecofriendly
and cost-effective is indispensable. Herein,
the potential of dietary Egyptian mallow (Malva
parviflora) leaves (EML) as a powder form to mitigate
the toxicological implications of metiram (MET)
exposure in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) was
assessed in this attempt. The investigation featured
growth, physiological, immune/antioxidant responses,
splenic cytokines expression, and histopathological
concepts. In light of this, fish (N = 200; 32.80 ± 0.92
g) were eventually assigned into four groups with
five sets (control, EML, MET, and EML + MET) for
63 days. The control and EML groups were given
basal diets that had 0 and 15 g EML/kg diet, respectively,
without MET exposure. Furthermore, MET
and EML + MET groups were received the identical
diets as control and EML groups, respectively,
and exposed to 0.38 mg/L MET. The findings highlighted
a significant (P < 0.001) growth retardation
(declining in weight gain and specific growth rate)
and higher fish mortality (32%) by MET exposure.
Also, immune impairment (lowered immunoglobulin
M and complement 3) and oxidative damage (higher
malondialdehyde and declined catalase and superoxide
dismutase) were the outcomes of MET toxicity.
In addition, the biochemical biomarkers showedsubstantial disruptions (P < 0.001) in the MET group,
where creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine
aminotransferase increased. Splenic expression
of immune-relevant cytokines (interleukin-10 and
interferon-gamma 1) was downregulated with upregulation
of apoptosis (cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3)
linked gene by MET toxicity (P < 0.001). Histologically,
MET significantly provoked a diverse range of
aberrations in the spleen, kidney, and liver tissues.
Remarkably, feeding the EML diet to the MET group
decreased fish mortality (14%) and refined all metrics,
while retaining the histological integrity of tissues.
The conclusion of this viewpoint recommends
using dietary EML (15 g/kg) to diminish the deleterious
effects of MET in toxicity in Nile tilapia to sustain
aquaculture.
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