Background: Unsafe health practices are one of the leading causes of disability and even death. Professional competence, patient safety culture and positive work environment are crucial to ensure safe and high-quality healthcare services as well as ensure the achievement and compliance with incident report. Aim: to investigate relationship among nursing work environment, professional competencies, patient safety culture and attitude toward incident report. Participants and methods: 230 nurses from AlAhrar teaching hospital in Zagazig, Egypt, were chosen at random from the sample. This study used a descriptive correlational design; four instruments were employed to collect the data: Practice Environment scale of nursing work index, Nurses professional competence scale, Hospital survey on patient safety culture scale, and Reporting of clinical adverse events scale. Results: nearly less than three quarters of studied nurses had a high perception level regarding nursing work environment and patient safety culture. While slightly more than three quarters of them had a high level of professional competencies, but more than half of them had a high perception level of attitude toward incident report. Conclusion: Nursing Work environment was positively correlated to professional competencies and patient safety culture. Also, patient safety culture had a positive correlation with professional competence and attitude to incident report. Recommendation: Healthcare providers should develop the basis for improving the culture of patient safety and reducing adverse events through methods such as encouraging the reporting of adverse events and holding training courses for nurses that improve their competencies within positive work environment.