Abstract: |
Salvia hispanica L. is an annual herbaceous plant commonly known as “Chia”. It has been
recommended for therapeutic use because of its use as an excellent source of fatty acids, protein,
dietary fibers, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids. A literature survey concerning phytochemical
and biological investigations of chia extracts revealed less attention towards the non-polar extracts
of S. hispanica L. aerial parts, which motivates us to investigate their phytochemical constituents
and biological potentials. The phytochemical investigation of the non-polar fractions of S. hispanica
L. aerial parts resulted in the tentative identification of 42 compounds using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS
analysis with the isolation of β-sitosterol (1), betulinic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), and β-sitosterol3-O-β-D-glucoside (4). GLC-MS analysis of the seeds’ oil showed a high concentration of omega-3
fatty acid, with a percentage of 35.64% of the total fatty acid content in the seed oil. The biological
results revealed that the dichloromethane fraction showed promising DPPH radical-scavenging
activity (IC50 = 14.73 µg/mL), antidiabetic activity with significant inhibition of the α-amylase enzyme (IC50 673.25 µg/mL), and anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro histamine release assay
(IC50 61.8 µg/mL). Furthermore, the dichloromethane fraction revealed moderate cytotoxic activity
against human lung cancer cell line (A-549), human prostate carcinoma (PC-3), and colon carcinoma
(HCT-116) with IC50s 35.9 ± 2.1 µg/mL, 42.4 ± 2.3 µg/mL, and 47.5 ± 1.3 µg/mL, respectively, and
antiobesity activity with IC50 59.3 µg/mL, using pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay. In conclusion,
this study’s findings not only shed light on the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of
the non-polar fractions of chia but also should be taken as a basis for the future in vivo and clinical
studies on the safety and efficacy of chia and its extracts. Further study should be focused towards
the isolation of the active principles of the dichloromethane fraction and studying their efficacy,
exact mechanism(s), and safety, which could benefit the pharmaceutical industry and folk medicine
practitioners who use this plant to cure diseases.
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