Background: Developmental disabilities in children alter the children’s life and that of thefamily. Parents of children with disabilities may experience positive or negative beliefs andthoughts regarding disabilities of their children that adversely impact parenting practices, children'sadjustment, and families' adjustment. Aim of the study was to assess illness cognition andfamilyadjustment among parents of children with disabilities attending speech clinics and rehabilitationcenters. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted including80parents of children with disabilities attending Speech Therapy Clinics affiliated to ZagazigUniversity Hospitals and El-Ahrar Hospital. In addition to The Center of Rehabilitation affiliatedtoFaculty of Disability Science and Rehabilitation, Zagazig University, Egypt. Tools: Four tools wereused to collect data. Tool I: An Interview sheet for demographic data of the studied parents andtheirchildren, as well as medical diagnosis of children. Tool II: The Illness Cognition QuestionnaireParent-version. Tool III: The Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale-Developmental Disability. Tool IV: The Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale. Results: The results showedthat 52.5% of parents had low level of illness cognition and poor efficacy to adjust their children’sproblems, and 73.8% of parents practiced low level of parenting and family adjustment. However, 65.0% of parents practiced low parental consistency and 63.7% practiced high coercive. Conclusion: Parents showed low level of illness cognition regarding their children's disability withlessacceptance, less perceived benefits, and more helplessness. Children with disabilities haveemotional, behavioral and prosocial problems with low adjustment and lowparental efficacy. Parents practiced low level of parenting and family adjustment with low consistency andhighcoercive. Recommendations: The present study recommended that family-based interventionsshould be introduced by medical, psychological, and educational professionals as an urgent needforparents and all family members to help empower raising a child with a disability.