Background: The improvement of health literacy in general is a major concern worledwide. We assumed that mothers of children who are recieving treatment for leukaemia experience practical challenges in caring for their children. Treatment adherence and improved health outcomes for children with Leukemia require easily understandable of caregivers for health information. Objective: To evaluate the effect of pictorial information booklet on mothers’ care of their children with Leukemia in Cairo, Egypt. Methods: Design of this study was A quantitative, quasi-experimental pre-posttest group design. The sample were 65 mothers who had children with leukemia in Cairo, Egypt. A pectorial information booklet was given, and in the post-test period the same structured knowledge questionnaire was used. Practice was assessed using the interview method by direct observation. Results: The findings revealed that 78.5% of mothers had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding leukemia pre education program while 86.2% of them had satisfactory knowledge regarding leukemia post education program with highly statistically significant differences between pre and post education program using pictorial information booklet (p<0.000). Approxmitly 76.9% of mothers had adequate total practice regarding Leukemia post education program with highly statistically significant differences between pre and post education program using pictorial information booklet (p<0.000). Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that the pectorial information booklet effectively improved mothers' knowledge and practices regarding care of their children with leukemia. Recommendations: It is recommended that future studies investigate mothers improvement in knowledge and practices as well as retention of knowledge over an extended period of time.