Journal: |
Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
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Abstract: |
Background
Malnutrition, an important problem in geriatric medicine, is becoming more
recognized in hemodialysis patients, as a factor that can even worsen the
prognosis and the quality of life of these patients. It is imperative for the
nephrology community to recognize this syndrome of malnutrition and work to
manage it. Malnutrition can be detected commonly in all age groups of dialysis
patients, and it represents a sensitive marker for morbidity and mortality better than
chronological age. It could also act as a major cofactor for depression and cognitive
impairment development in dialysis patients.
We aimed to assess the nutritive status of the elderly patients with end-stage
renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis using modified subjective global
assessment score (M-SGAS) and to correlate between it and different biochemical
parameters.
Patients and methods
A total of 100 ESRD elderly patients on regular hemodialysis were included.
All patients were subjected to the following: history taking, including weight change,
dietary intake, gastrointestinal symptoms, and functional capacity (nutritionally
related functional impairments, comorbidity); physical examination, including
decreased fat stores or loss of subcutaneous fat (eyes, triceps, biceps, and
chest), signs of muscle wasting (temple, clavicle, ribs, knee, interosseous,
quadriceps, and scapula), mid-upper arm and calf circumference, and BMI;
malnutrition score (sum of all number) using SGAS; and laboratory
investigations, including complete blood count, serum creatinine, blood urea,
C-reactive protein, serum albumin, parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, serum
phosphorus. urea reduction ratio, and KT/V.
Results
There was a decrease in anthropometric measures in both males and females,
indicating that both sexes are prone to malnutrition to the same degree. On
comparing between male and female patients with respect to total M-SGAS,
they lie in the moderate degree of total M-SGAS, with no significant difference
between males and females. There was a statistically significant negative
correlation between M-SGAS and triceps skin fold, mid-arm muscle
circumference, and mid-arm circumference, and also there was a statistically
significant negative correlation between duration of dialysis and mid-arm
circumference.
Conclusion
The M-SGAS can be used as reliable, rapid, and precise method for nutritional
assessment in elderly patients with ESRD on regular hemodialysis. There is a high
prevalence of malnutrition among all age groups, even those younger than 40 years
old. Malnutrition is associated with female sex, hypoalbuminemia, increased
inflammatory markers such as elevated C-reactive protein and elevated total
leukocytic count, and in those with low hemoglobin level. Malnutrition also is
more detected in patients with hyperparathyroidism.
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