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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Elsevier Science direct
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Nanotechnology is used in a wide range of applications, including medical therapies that precisely target disease
prevention and treatment. The current study aimed firstly, to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in an
eco-friendly manner using Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE). Secondly, to compare the protective effects of
green-synthesized MOLE-SeNPs conjugate and MOLE ethanolic extract as remedies for melamine (MEL) induced
nephrotoxicity in male rats. One hundred and five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups (n
= 15), including 1st control, 2nd MOLE (800 mg/kg BW), 3rd SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg BW), 4th MOLE-SeNPs (200 μg/kg
BW), 5th MEL (700 mg/kg BW), 6th MEL+MOLE, and 7th MEL+MOLE SeNPs. All groups were orally gavaged day
after day for 28 days. SeNPs and the colloidal SeNPs were characterized by TEM, SEM, and DLS particle size.
SeNPs showed an absorption peak at a wavelength of 530 nm, spherical shape, and an average size between 3.2
and 20 nm. Colloidal SeNPs absorption spectra were recorded between 400 and 700 nm with an average size of
3.3 17 nm. MEL-induced nephropathic alterations represented by a significant increase in serum creatinine,
urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal TNFα, oxidative stress-related indices, and altered the relative mRNA
expression of apoptosis-related genes Bax, Caspase-3, Bcl2, Fas, and FasL. MEL-induced array of nephrotoxic
morphological changes, and up-regulated immune-expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and
proliferation-associated nuclear antigen Ki–67. Administration of MOLE or MOLE-SeNPs significantly reversed
MEL-induced renal function impairments, oxidative stress, histological alterations, modulation in the relative
mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes, and the immune-expression of renal PCNA and Ki-67. Conclusively,
the green-synthesized MOLE-SeNPs and MOLE display nephron-protective properties against MEL-induced murine
nephropathy. This study is the first to report these effects which were more pronounced in the MOLE group
than the green biosynthesized MOLE-SeNPs conjugate group.
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