Introduction Heat shock proteins (HSP) are pivotal players in the normal cellular physiological processes and possess regulatory functions in pathogenesis of age-related disorders. HSP as chaperons are participating in protein folding, proper protein conformation, and prevention of undesired protein aggregation. In here, we provide the essential roles of HSP in inflammation with special focus on the ageing-related inflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Methods A literature based collection of articles in the available search engines (PubMed and Google Scholar). Results We show the interrelation of HSP and inflammation-related ageing disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Conclusions Understanding the critical roles of HPS would help in designing and manufacturing therapeutics for ameliorating the symptoms associated with age-related diseases.