For several decades, equine physical performance has been a subject of research; just some studies have been directed for molecular genetic analyses. To date, examines in people have reported several genes related with elite athletic performance, while thinks about in horses are uncommon. In our research we aimed to illustrate the role of certain genes which linked with exercise and training, and have been revealed to be functionally relevant for early performance assessment of elite athletic horses. Ten racing horses (5 Arabian and 5 Thoroughbred horses) were selected from equestrian clubs in Cairo Governorate. Firstly, physical parameters included (heart rate and temperature) were detected. Then, the blood samples obtained from both groups before and instantly after training from trained horses. Quantitative real time PCR used to measure HIF1α, VEGFα and MCT4 gene expression. Our results reported a considerable increase in HIF1α, VEGFα and MCT4 gene expression after training in trained horses. The results determined the pivotal role of HIF1α, VEGFα and MCT4 in exercise and their important effect on equine performance during hypoxic training. In conclusion, this study interprets underlying molecular responses to exercise and training adaptations in equine blood and how these responses affect on system-wide physiological performance. Biology of the HIF1 pathway and other related genes affecting horse performance have seen great interest. Despite late great evolution in understanding the atomic instruments of the HIF pathway because of its activity, several important questions still needed to be answered.