| Abstract: |
Pomegranate fruit consists of the peel, seeds and the arils. The peel makes up about 50% of the fruit, whereas the arils and seeds make up 40% and 10%, respectively. The peel is rich in many compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, ellagitannins, and proanthocyanidin compounds, complex polysaccharides and many minerals including potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sodium. Because this is not an edible part of the plant, pharmaceuticals have been produced in different forms such as pills, powders, capsules, vials, etc., for easy consumption.In this study pomegranate peels was treated with 0.3% bicarbonate solution to reduce the red color of peels before preparing alcohol insoluble solids (AIS). To prepare alcohol insoluble solids from pomegranate peels, pomegranate peels were shredded in electric mixer and dropped in ethanol (70%) for 15 min. The mixture was then boiled at 70°C for 30 min, filtered and washed with ethanol 70% and 95% through Buchner funnel under suction and the washing procedure repeated until no sugars could be detected in the extract. The residue was washed with acetone and dried at room temperature to remove acetone and reweighed again to determine the percentage of AIS, and then the AIS was ground then sieved.In this study moisture, protein, fat, pectin, hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, titratable acidity, pH, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined in pomegranate peels and alcohol insoluble solids AIS. Functional properties such as bulk density, swelling capacity, water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC) and color to alcohol insoluble solids were determined.The results showed that the dried peels and alcohol insoluble solids were characterized, by 12.87 and 15.88% moisture, 5.20 and 7.80% protein, 1.06 and 3.11% fat, 28.90 and 37.30% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), as well as 18.02 and 23.50% acid detergent fiber (ADF), respectively. Pectin, hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin of both preparations were 27.90 and 29.54%, 10.88 and 13.80%, 26.22 and 30.86% and 5.67 and 7.47%, respectively. Amino acid composition of both preparations showed that the essential amino acids were threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine.The highest essential amino acid was lysine in dried pomegranate peels and AIS pomegranate peels, where the lowest was isoleucine and theronine in dried pomegranate peels and AIS pomegranate peels, respectively. Pomegranate peels is deficient in the essential amino acids methionine and tryptophan. The replacements of flour used for the production of pan bread by pomegranate peel AIS decreased ash and increased moisture, protein and fiber compared to the control pan bread.
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