Biochemical Studies on The Hypolipidemic Effect of Some Plant Leaves

The approximate chemical composition of Psidium Guajava, Mangifera Indica and Olea europaea leaves were studied. Phytochemical screening of the three studied plants revealed some differences in their constituents. Methanolic and ethanolic extract of the studied plants were investigated for total, free and conjugated polyphenols .An experiment was carried out by using 48 male albino rats which were divided into 8 groups after adaptation period (7 days). The negative control (6 rats) was fed on basal diet, while positive control was fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet. The treated groups were fed on hypercholesterolemic diets supplemented with 10 % of each of P. Guajava, M. Indica and O. europaea and its ethanol extracts. The duration period of the experiment was 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment, liver and kidneys functions and lipid pattern were determined.Histopathological examination of liver, kidney, heart and spleen of rat fed on basal diet ( negative control ), hypercholesterolemic diet (high fat diet) and high fat diet supplemented with three studied leaves powder plants or their ethanolic extract showed that , feeding on high fat diet caused both lobular & portal inflammation, mesangial proliferation of renal glomeruli with early degenerative changes of renal tubules, cardiac muscle showing severe interstitial inflammation with infiltration by large numbers of esinophils together with lymphocytes, blood monocytes & plasma cells with fragmentation of muscle fibers and in spleen a reactive follicular hyperplasia with large oblong germinal center surrounded by small resting lymphocytes with scattered tangible body macrophages in the germinal center. Feeding on high fat diet supplemented with the three studied leaves or its ethanolic extract showed an improve of the dysfunction of the studied organs. The obtained results confirmed with the previous studied chemical parameters