| Abstract: |
This experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2005-2008, at El-Khattara Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University. Five eggplant cultivars; viz., SBI-1.1 (P1), SBI-3.3 (P2), SBI-10.13 (P3), SBI-11.14 (P4), and VS.1.13.19.1 Spain (P5) were crossed in a diallel mating system, without reciprocals in 2005-2006 and evaluated in summer season of 2008, to study some plant growth traits (plant height (cm) and branch number per plant), early yield traits (early fruits number per plant, early fruit weight (gm) per fruit and early yield (kg) per plant) and total yield traits (fruit number per plant, average fruit weight (gm) per fruit and total yield (kg) per plant). The obtained results could be summarized as follow:6.1 General and Specific Combining Ability in EggplantThe analysis of variance for 5×5 diallel cross system reflected highly significant mean squares for genotypes, parents and crosses among them, except that for branch number per plant and fruit weight per fruit in early yield. Moreover, gca and sca mean squares were highly significant for plant height, both early fruit number and yield per plant and total plant yield and its components, whereas branch number per plant and fruit weight per fruit in early yield were insignificant. Sca for total yield per plant was also insignificant.The best combiners based on gca and crosses based on sca for both plant height and branch number per plant were SBI-10.13 (P3) and P2× P4, for fruit number in early yield were SBI-11.14 (P4) and P2× P3, for fruit weight per fruit in early yield were VS.1.13.19.1 Spain (P5) and P4× P5, for early yield per plant were SBI-1.1 (P1) and P2× P3, for total fruit number were SBI-1.1 (P1) and P1× P5, for fruit weight per fruit in total yield were SBI-11.14 (P4) and P1× P4, and for total plant yield were SBI-11.14 (P4) and P1× P5.6.2 Heterosis in EggplantMaximum heterosis, according to the high parent, reached 24.10% (P2× P4) for plant height, 9.80% (P2× P4) for branch number per plant, 182.90% (P2× P3) for fruit number in early yield, 54.90% (P4× P5) for fruit weight per fruit in early yield, 121.70% (P2× P3) for early yield per plant, 42.80% (P1× P4) for total fruit number, 57.40% (P1× P4) for fruit weight per fruit in total yield, and 29.50% (P1× P5) for total plant yield.6.3 Genetic Components in EggplantThe results reflected insignificant t2 for all the studied traits, except early yield per plant for which t2 was significant. By inspection, t2 was found insignificant after removing P4. For all the studied traits, the estimates of D, H1 and H2 were significant.Asymmetrical gene distribution was observed, except total yield which had symmetrical gene distribution (0.25). For total yield, complete dominance was found to control this trait, and the dominance was isodirectional..
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