5. SUMMARYThe study was carried out in the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, during the years 1992-2004. The study was on Holstein Friesian cows imported to Egypt and Jordan . In Egypt, the study included: 1. Comparison between the imported cow traits at the first parity in farms situated in different localities. 2. Comparison between imported and locally born cattle at the first parity. 3. Comparison between the imported cows at first parity in Jordan. 4. Comparison between the imported cows at first parity in each of Egypt and Jordan. 5. Anoestrus due to galactorrhea in milk high yielder cows and its improvement, were also studied. In Jordan, effects of some environmental factors on productive and reproductive traits, were studied. 6. Milkability (milking traits) in a Jordan farm .The study also included aThe results can be summarized as follows:Comparison between the different farms in Egypt1. The temperature-humidity index values indicated exposure of Holstein Friesian cows to severe heat stress during summer and spring seasons, in Egypt.2. Farm affected significantly (P3. Year of birth affected significantly (P4. Season of birth affected significantly (P5. Year of calving affected significantly (P6. Season of calving affected significantly (P7. Classes of age at first calving affected significantly (P940 days.8. Classes of days open affected significantly (PComparison between the imported and locally born Holstein cows at first parity, in Egypt1. The temperature-humidity index values indicated exposure of the Holstein cows to sever heat stress during summer season, in Egypt.2. The imported dams (in Dina farm) showed lower values (P3. Year of birth affected significantly (P4. Season of birth affected significantly (P5. Year of calving affected significantly (P6. Season of calving affected significantly (P7. Classes of age at first affected insignificantly all traits studied.Cow traits newly imported Friesian, in Jordan1. The THI values indicated absence of heat stress during winter and autumn and exposure to severe heat stress during summer in Jordan farm.2. Effects of parity were significant (P,0.001 or 0.05) on days open, number of inseminationS per conception, milk yield and calving interval. The shortest values in days open and calving interval were recorded in the fourth parity. The lowest number of inseminationS per conception and the highest milk yield were also recorded in the fourth parity.3. Season of calving affected significantly (P4. Sex of calf and type of birth affected insignificantly the traits studied.5. classes of milk yield affected significantly (P6. Classes of lactation period affected significantly (P500 days. The shortest dry period was recorded in the class 300 – 500 days, while the shortest calving interval accompanied the class7. Classes of days open affected significantly (PComparison between the imported Holstein cows at first parity, in Egypt and Jordan1. Farm affected dry period, lactation period, calving interval and milk yield significantly (P2. Year of calving affected significantly (P3. Season of calving affected significantly (P4. The shortest dry period, lactation period and calving interval accompanied the class 124 days.5. The shortest dry period was shown with the class 6000-12000kg milk and lactation period were shown with the class 12000 kg milk.6. The shortest calving interval was shown with the class 500 days.Milking traits (Milkability)b. Irrigation with 50 % tap water + 50 % sewage water or 100 % sewage water recorded maximum values of total carbohydrates in leaves.c. The interaction between sewage sludge application and sewage water irrigation had no significant effect on total carbohydrates in leaves of lupine plants.31. Catalase and peroxidase activity in leaves:a. Sewage sludge at 1 % was the best treatment for increasing the activity of catalase and peroxidase in the two seasons, except catalase in the second one.b. Irrigation of lupine plants with sewage water did not show significant effect on enzymes activity on the two seasons.c. The more effective interaction treatment was adding 1 % sewage sludge + irrigation with 100 % sewage water.32. Yield and its Components:a. Fertilization plants with NPK recommended dose or with 1 or 2 % sewage sludge recorded maximum values of number of pods/plant, weight of seeds/plant and number of seeds/pod in both seasons, while fertilization with 2 % sewage sludge recorded maximum values of average pod weight followed fertilization with NPK recommended dose in both seasons.b. Sewage water irrigation and the interaction between fertilization with sewage sludge and irrigation with sewage water had no significant effect on number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant and number of seeds/pod in both seasons and average pod weight in the first season.c. The interaction between fertilization with sewage sludge and irrigation with sewage had no significant effect on the above mentioned characters in both seasons, except the effect of sewage water irrigation on pod length in the second season.33. Total carbohydrate and sugars of seeds:a. The most favorable treatment for increasing seed total carbohydrates and sugars was application of 1 or 2 % sewage sludge and NPK recommended dose.b. Adding of sewage water irrigation significantly increased sugar contents in seeds of lupine in 1st season. On the other hand, carbohydrate content did not affect by sewage water irrigation in the two seasons.c. The interaction between the two studied factors did not reflect any significant effect on carbohydrate and sugars. The best interaction treatment was adding 2 % sewage sludge + 100 % sewage water irrigation.34. Content of N, P, K and protein of seeds:a. Adding sewage sludge at 2 % to lupine plants significantly increased N, protein and P contents in seeds, while application of NPK recommended dose significantly increased K content in seeds in both seasons.b. Irrigation lupine plants with 50 % T.W. + 50 % S.W. or 100 % sewage water significantly increased N and protein content in seeds, but did not affect P and K content in seeds.c. The interaction between fertilization with 2 % sewage sludge and 50 % T.W. + 50 % S.W. or and 100 % sewage water significantly increased N and protein contents in seeds.35. Heavy metals in seeds:a. Increasing sewage sludge application rate increased Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb content in lupine seeds. While application of mineral NPK didn’t increased it, except Ni content which increased after NPK recommended dose application compared to control.b. Irrigation of lupine plants with sewage water increased the four determined heavy metals; i.e., Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb in seeds of lupine plants compared to irrigation with tap water.c. The highest Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb contents in seeds of lupine plants was recorded when plants fertilized with 2 % sewage sludge + irrigation with 100 % sewage water.36. Root structure:a. Application of 2 % sewage sludge to lupine plants recorded the highest value of pith diameter, xylem and phloem thickness.b. Irrigation lupine plants with 100 % tap water gave the maximum values diameter of both root, pith and the thickness of phloem, periderm, secondary tissues, xylem and pith of lupine plant root.c. The interaction between the two factors significantly affected all studied root structure parameters, except the thickness of secondary tissue and xylem and pith of lupine plant root.37. Stem structure:a. Application of sewage sludge at 2 % recorded the maximum value of both number of cortical layer and cortex thickness. whereas, the untreated plants with sewage sludge (control) have the maximum values of stem diameter, pith diameter and tissue outside pith cavity. On the other hand, the epidermis thickness of stem did not affected by sewage sludge application.b. Irrigation of lupine plant with sewage water significantly affect all studied stem structure parameters, except epidermis thickness and number of cortical layers. The best treatment show the highest values of stem structure parameters (tissue outside pith cavity, cortex thickness, pith diameter and stem diameter) was irrigation of lupine plants with 100 % tap water compared to the other irrigation treatments.c. The most favorable interaction treatment for increasing stem structure studied parameters was application of 2 % sewage sludge + irrigation with tap water regarding number of cortical layers, cortex thickness and stem diameters and was irrigation with tap water + control (without sewage sludge application) for tissue outside pith cavity and pith diameter.38. Leaf structure:a. Application of sewage sludge significantly decreased the thickness of blade, midveinal bundle, palisade tissue and spongy tissue of leaves. While, the thickness of upper and lower epidermis did not affected by sewage sludge application. Control treatment showed the highest value of thickness for different studied above mentioned parameters compared to mineral NPK and different sewage sludge application.b. 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