V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONTwo pot experiments were carried out during the two successive seasons of 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 in the wire house of Agric. Bot. and Plant Pathology Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig University, to study the effect of sewage sludge application, sewage water irrigation and their interactions on growth, yield, seed chemical composition and anatomical structure of lupine plants cv. Giza (1) under Egyptian conditions.The obtained results could be summarized as follows:1. Soil EC:a. sewage sludge application or NPK mineral application at the recommended rate significantly increased soil EC before and after sowingb. Application of 100 % sewage water to the soil significantly increased soil EC compared to irrigation with 50 % T.W. + 50 % S.W. and 100 % tap water alone.c. The interaction between the two studied factors did not reflect any significant effect regarding soil EC.2. Soil pH:a. Addition of sewage sludge to the soil significantly increased soil pH.b. Irrigation the soil with sewage water significantly affected soil pH both before and after sawing in the two seasons.c. The interaction did not show any significant effect due to the interaction between both studied factors.3. Plant height:a. The tallest plant through the two growing seasons was obtained when adding 2 % sewage sludge.b. Sewage water irrigation did not reach the level of significance among the studied levels of water during the two growing seasons.c. The interaction effect between sewage sludge, and sewage water was insignificant during the two studied seasons and three growth stages intervals, except at 60 days after sowing in 2nd season.4. Root length:a. The tallest root through the three sampling dates was obtained when adding mineral nutrients NPK recommended dose and control followed by fertilization with 0.5 % sewage sludge.b. Irrigation with 50 % T.W. + 50 % S.W. or 100 % S.W. recorded maximum root length compared to 100 % tap water.c. The interaction effect between sewage sludge and sewage water were not significant in 2nd season but data showed significant effect in 1st season specially in 60 and 90 days after sowing.5. Number of leaves / plant:a. The highest number of leaves per plant through the three growing stages were obtained when adding 2% sewage sludge or fertilization with NPK recommended dose.b. Sewage water irrigation did not reflect any significant effect regarding number of leaves per plant.c. The interaction between sewage sludge and sewage water did not show any significance among the studied levels of sewage water during the two growing seasons and through the three growth stages intervals.6. Leaf area:a. Leaf area was significantly increased by increasing sewage sludge rate at 1 or 2 %. The high leaf area increased by increasing when adding 1 and 2 % sewage sludge.b. Leaf area was gradually increased by increasing sewage water irrigation up to 100 % sewage water.c. The interaction between sewage sludge and sewage water did not show any significant variation through the two growing seasons and three growth stage intervals.7. Number of branches / plant:a. Number of branches per plant were increased by increasing sewage sludge levels. The highest number of branches through the two growing seasons were obtained when adding 1 or 2 % sewage sludge and NPK recommended dose.b. Sewage water did not show any significance variation during the two growing seasons.c. The interaction between the two studied factors did not show significant effect regarding number of branches per plant.8. Number of secondary roots:a. Number of secondary roots decreased by increasing sludge rate. This means that control (without NPK or sludge) gave the highest number of secondary root /plant.b. Sewage water irrigation did not show and significance among the studied level of water among the two growing seasons except after 30 days from sowing of 1st season.c. The interaction effect between sewage sludge and sewage water did not show any signification effect during the two studied seasons and three growth stages intervals.9. Fresh weight of roots:a. Fresh weight of roots increased by increasing plant age and when adding 0.5, 1 or 2% sewage sludge at 60 and90 days after sowing in both seasons, except at 60 days in the 1st season.b. Sewage water irrigation did not show any significance effect through the two growing season’s intervals, except 60 days after sowing in the 2nd season.c. Interaction between sewage sludge and sewage water did not show any significant effect with fresh weight during the two growing seasons, except 30 days from sowing in 1st and 2nd seasons.10. Fresh weight of stems:a. Fresh weight of stems increased by increasing plant age and the level of sludge at 2%.b. At 90 days after sowing, irrigation with 50% T.W. + 50% S.W. recorded maximum values of fresh weight of stems in both seasons.c. At 90 days after sowing the interaction between 50% T.W. + 50% S.W. and adding 2% sewage sludge recorded maximum values of fresh weight of stems in both seasons.11. Fresh weight of leaves:a. Fresh weight of leaves increased by increasing plant age and the levels of sewage sludge at 2 %.b. At 90 days after sawing, irrigation with 50 % T.W. +50 % gave the highest values of leaves fresh weight/plant in both seasons of study.c. The interaction between 50 % T.W. + 50 % S.W. and2 % sewage sludge recorded maximum values of leaves fresh weight in both seasons at 90 days after sowing.12. Dry weight of roots:a. Fertilization of lupine plants with sewage sludge or mineral NPK had significant effect on dry weight of roots at 60 and 90 days after sowing in both seasons.b. Irrigation with sewage water had no significant effect on dry weight of roots at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing.c. the interaction between 50 % T.W. + 50 % S.W. and 2 % sewage sludge recorded maximum values of dry weight of stems at 60 and 90 days after sowing in both seasons.13. Dry weight of stems:a. Fertilization lupine plants with sewage sludge and NPK had significant effect in stem dry weight at 60 and 90 days after sowing in both seasons, except at 60 days in the first season.b. Irrigation with 50 % T.W. + 50 % S.W. gave the maximum stem dry weight/plant.c. The interaction between 2 % sewage sludge and 50 % T.W. + 50 % S.W. gave the highest values of dry weight of stems compared with the other treatments.14. Dry weight of leavesa. Adding sewage sludge significantly increased the dry weight of leaves in comparison with control. Also, application of NPK gave the same effect of sewage sludge.b. Irrigation of lupine plants with sewage water significantly increased leaf dry weight in both seasons at 30,60 and 90 days after sowing.c. The best interaction treatment was application of 2 % sewage sludge + irrigation with 50 % tap water + 50% sewage water.15. Chlorophyll a:a. Fertilization of plant with NPK recommended dose or with sewage sludge at 1 or 2 % recorded maximum concentration of chlorophyll a in leaf tissues.b. Sewage water irrigation show significant variation in chlorophyll a during the two growing seasons and the three growth stages intervals, except after 60 days from sowing in first season and 30 days after sowing in second season.c. The interaction between sewage sludge and sewage water show significant effect on chlorophyll a during the two growing seasons and the three growth stages, except 90 days after sowing in first season.16. Chlorophyll b:a. The content of chlorophyll b was high in 1st season than 2nd one and when adding 2 % sewage sludge followed by NPK recommended dose and 1 % sewage sludge.b. Sewage water irrigation did not show significant effect during the two growing seasons and three growth stages intervals, except 90 days from sowing in both seasons.c. The interaction effect between sewage sludge and sewage water was significant during the two growing seasons and three growth stages, except 30 and 60 days after sowing in 2nd season.17. Chlorophyll a + b:a. The content of chlorophyll a + b were high in 1st season than 2nd one, and when adding 1 or 2 % sewage sludge or NPK recommended dose.b. Sewage water irrigation show significant variations through the three growth stages in two seasons, except 30 days from sowing in 2nd season.c. The interaction effect between sewage sludge and sewage water show significant variation during the two studied seasons and three growth stages intervals, except 60 days after sowing in 1st season.18. Carotenoids:a. Application of NPK recommended rate increased the carotenoids content compared to control.b. Irrigation of lupine plants with sewage water did not show significant effect on carotenoids in both seasons of study except, at 30 and 60 days after sowing in the 1st season.c. There were significant interaction effect between the two studied factors regarding carotenoid in the two seasons except, carotenoid in the 1st one at 60 and 90 days after sowing.19. Nitrogen and protein content in roots:a. Fertilization of lupine plants with NPK recommended dose and with sewage sludge at 2 % had significant effect on nitrogen and protein contents in roots at the three growing stages in both growing seasons.b. Irrigation lupine plants with sewage water had significant effect on N and protein content in roots in the second season only at the three growing stages. The irrigation with 100 % sewage water recorded maximum values of N and protein contents in roots.c. The interaction between 2 % sewage sludge and 100 % sewage water recorded maximum values of N and protein content in roots of lupine plants.20. Nitrogen and protein contents in stems:a. Fertilization of lupine plants with NPK or with 2 % sewage sludge gave the highest N and total protein in stems with no significant effect with 1 % sewage sludge in the second season.b. Irrigation of lupine plants with 100 % sewage water gave the highest N and total protein in stems in the second season only.c. The interaction between sewage water and sewage sludge had significant effect on N and total protein in the second season only at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing.21. Nitrogen and total protein in leaves:a. NPK recommended dose or 1 % or 2 % sewage sludge recorded maximum N and total protein in leaves compared to control.b. Irrigation with sewage water had no significant effect on N and total protein in leaves of lupine plants.c. The interaction between the two factors had no significant effect regarding total nitrogen and total protein in leaves of lupine plants.22. Phosphorus content in roots:a. The best treatment which increased P% in roots were generally application of mineral NPK followed by application of sewage sludge at 1% and 2%.b. Irrigation lupine plants with sewage water significantly affected root P content at the two samples (30 and 90 days after sowing) while, it did not significantly affect P content in second sample (60 days after sowing) in both seasons.c. The best interaction treatment for increasing P content in lupine root was application of NPK recommended + irrigation with 100 % sewage water at 90 days from sowing in both seasons.23. Phosphorus content in stems:a. Fertilization of lupine plants with sewage sludge significantly increased P content in stem, compared to control. Also, NPK mineral recommended fertilizer significantly increased P content in stem.b. The highest P values were recorded with application of 100 % sewage water in most cases at the three sampling dates.c. The interaction between the two studied factors did not show significant effect regarding P % in stem, except at 60 and 90 days from sowing in the first season.24. Phosphorus content in leaves:a. Application of sewage sludge at different rates or application of NPK recommended to lupine plants significantly increased phosphorus content in lupine leaves.b. Application of sewage water to lupine plants significantly affected phosphorus content in leaves except at 60 days in the first season which did not show significant effect. The highest P% value was recorded by irrigation with 100 % sewage water.c. The interaction between the to factors did not reflect significant effect regarding P content in lupine leaves, except at 90 days from sowing in the second season.25. Potassium content in roots:a. Application of sewage sludge to lupine plants significantly decreased K content in roots at the three sampling dates compared to control.b. Irrigation lupine plants with sewage water did not reflect significant effect in the two seasons at different stages, except at 90 days and 60 days in the first and second seasons, respectively.c. No significant interaction effect was found between the two studied factors regarding K root content.26. Potassium content in stems:a. The untreated lupine plants with sewage sludge (control) significantly recorded the higher K control in lupine stem compared to the treated plants either with sewage sludge or with NPK mineral fertilizer.b. The stem K content was not significantly affected by irrigation lupine plants with sewage water at different stages of growth at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing.c. The highest value of K content was recorded in the case of control treatment+ irrigation with 100 % sewage water.27. Potassium content in leaves:a. The highest values for K content in leaves were recorded with 0.5% sewage sludge, control (untreated with sewage sludge) and with 1 % sewage sludge at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing, respectively.b. Irrigation lupine plants with sewage sludge was not significantly affected leaves K content at different samples, except at 60 days in the first season and at90 days in the second one.c. The interaction between the tow studied factors was not significantly affected K leaves content at all studied sampling days except at 30 and 60 days from sowing in the second one.28. Total carbohydrates contents in roots:a. Fertilization with NPK recommended dose or with 1, 2 % sewage sludge significantly increased total carbohydrates in roots.b. Irrigation with sewage water had significant effect on total carbohydrates in roots at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing, except at 90 days in the second season.c. The interaction between 2 % sewage sludge and 50 % tap water + 50 % sewage water or 100 % sewage water significantly increased total carbohydrates in roots of lupine plants.29. Total carbohydrates contents in stems:a. Fertilization with 2 % sewage water increased total carbohydrates in stems in both seasons at 30, 60 and90 days after sowing with no significant effect with 1 % sewage sludge in the second season.b. Irrigation with 50 % tap water + 50 % sewage water or with 100 % sewage water increased total carbohydrates in stems at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing in both seasons.c. The interaction between sewage sludge application and sewage water irrigation had significant effect on total carbohydrates at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing except at 30 days after sowing.30. Total carbohydrates content in leaves:a. Fertilization with NPK recommended dose or with sewage sludge had significant effect on total carbohydrates in leaves at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing in both seasons.The experimental work of the present study was carried out in the Rabbit Farm of San EL-Haggar Agricultural Company, San EL-Haggar Aria, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.The present work aimed to study the effect of vitamin A levels supplementation sex and their interaction on body weight, body weight gain (periodic and daily), feed intake (periodic and daily), feed conversion and some carcass traits ( carcass weight and liver weight ) of the a growing rabbits.A total number of 192 Hybrid (New Zealand White x California) rabbits 42 days of age were assigned randomly into four main experimental groups (48 rabbits each). Each main group was divided into two subgroups (24 females and 24 males ). The first group was kept untreated as control, while the other groups (2nd ; 3rd and 4th) were received vitamin A acetate in drinking water by 1000, 2000 and 3000 IU per head /day, respectively. The experimental period started from 7-15 weeks of age.Results obtained could be summarized as follows:1- Live body weight :Effect of vitamin A : Average live body weight of rabbits receveid vitamin A by 2000 IU/head was highly significant (PEffect of sex : male rabbits was insignificant increased in live body weight than female.Effect of vitamin A and sex interaction : male rabbits received vitamin A by 2000 IU/head recorded the insignificant high live body weight.2- Average body weight gain:Effect of vitamin A: Rabbits received vitamin A by 2000 IU increased in body weight gain from the bigining of the experiment but the increase become significant (PEffect of sex : There were no effects of sex on average body weight gain.Effect of vitamin A and sex interaction : Male rabbits received vitamin A by 2000 IU / head / day gained more than females .3-Daily body weight gain :Effect of vitamin A : Daily body weight gain was significantly (PEffect of sex : Male rabbits recorded slight increase in daily body gain in comparison to females but there were no effect of sex on daily body weight gain.Effect of vitamin A and sex interaction : Male rabbits received vitamin A by 2000 IU / head / day recorded daily body weight gain higher than other groups but there were no effect due to vitamin A x sex interaction on body weight gain.4- Average feed intake :Effect of vitamin A : A significant (PEffect of sex : Male rabbits ate more than females but there were no differences due to sex on average feed intake .Effect of vitamin A and sex interaction : Males received vitamin A by 1000 IU/ head/ day ate more (4567.17gm) than the other groups but there were no significant (P5-Average daily feed intake:Effect of vitamin A : Average daily feed intake was significantly (PEffect of sex : Male rabbits recorded higher daily feed intake than females with out significant differences .Effect of vitamin A and sex interaction : Male rabbits received 1000 IU recorded higher average daily feed intake as compared with the other groups but there were no significant (P6-Feed conversion:Effect of vitamin A : Highly significant (PEffect of sex : Average feed conversion of male rabbits was significantly (PEffect of vitamin A and sex interaction : The best significant (P7-Carcass traits:Effect of vitamin A : The higher carcass weight was recorded for rabbits group treated with 1000 IU vitamin A. while, the higher liver weight was recorded with the group treated with 2000 IU vitamin A.Effect of sex : There were no effects due to sex on carcass and liver weight.Effect of vitamin A and sex interaction: These were no interaction effect on carcass or liver weight due to interaction between vitamin A supplementation levels and sex.