The lipids have a majour role in the intiation step of atherosclrosis, thereof it’s a main componant of lipoproteins which can (in different methods) have a modification and then will have a changes in its receptors on cells, espacially artries wall. The last investigations in recent yeares take its care with the biological effects of wild aromatic medicinal plants as hypocholesterolemic agents, and its ability to prevent the action of atherosclrosis. So that these plants acting (with its nutral active componants) as antioxidants to decrease serum cholesterol and avoiding atherosclrosis.From this view the approximate chemical composition of Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina were studied and the results can summarize as follows:-1- Total carbohydrates were 52.48 %, 41,18 % and 41.66 %, crude oil were 0.44 %, 1.22 and 1.8 %, crude protein were 11.58 %, 7.84 % and 6.05 %, crude fiber were 25.8 %, 15.6 % and 16.3 %, total ash were 13.1 %, 24.6 and 16.8 %, for Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectively.2- The investigated oils fatty acids composition was studied. The majority of fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids (53.9 %, 83.48 % and 55.01 %), while saturated fatty acids (mainly, palmitic acid) were about (18.79 %, 10.37 % and 21.28 %) of the total fatty acids, for Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectively.The free sterols content and composition showed most of sterols in Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina. Oils contain 50, 30 and 70 g sterols /kg oil, respectively. Unsaponifiable matter were (70, 60 and 120 g/kg Oil), respectively. Tocopherols content was 20, 18 and 29 g/kg oil. δ- Tocopherol was the major component which was (19.99, 18 and 29 g/kg oil) in Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectively.3- The preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the studied plants were contain all tested flavonoids execpt Pulicaria incisa and Diplotaxis harra which were negative in flavonone and/or flavonols. Cardenolides was investigated and it was found in Pulicaria incisa and Avicennia marina and absent in Diplotaxis harra while desoxy-sugar were found in all studied plants. Anthraquinone glycoside was found in Pulicaria incisa and Diplotaxis harra while it was absent in Avicennia marina. Saponines was present in Avicennia marina and absence in Pulicaria incisa and Diplotaxis harra. Catechol tannins were found in all studied plants while gallic acid was found only in Diplotaxis harra. Catchine was absent, while, sterols and / or triterpenes appears to be found in all the three studied plants. Oxidases enzymes were found, while alkaloids and / or nitrogenous bases were present in Avicennia marina only and absent in Pulicaria incisa and Diplotaxis harra.4- Alcoholic extracts of Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina were investigated for total, free and conjugated polyphenols. The data showed that Avicennia. marina was (4.5 %, 0.84 % and 0.949 %) for total, free and conjugated polyphenols respectively, while Pulicaria incisa was (2.4 %, 0.64 % and 1.79 %), respectively and Diplotaxis harra was (0.95 %, 6.8×10-4 % and 0.949 %) respectively. The results of the thiocyanate antioxidant assays of Diplotaxis harra was (67.4%) and the lowest value was for the extract of Avicennia marina, which was (40%). The methanolic extract for radical scavenging activity (RSA) assays after (10, 30 and 60 min.) were (81.2 %, 80.92 % and 79.64 %) respectively for P. incisa while it were (79.79 %, 77.15 % and73.45 %) respectively for D harra and were (66.62 %, 66.46 % and 66.12 %) respectively for A. marina.5- A biological experiment was carried out using 30 male albino rats, which were divided into five groups after adaptation period (7 days). The negative control (6 rats) was fed on basal diet, while positive control was fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet. The treated groups were fed on hypercholesterolemic diets supplemented with 8 % of each of Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectively. The experiment lasted for nine weeks. At the end of the experiment the body weight gain, liver and kidney functions and lipid pattern were determined.6- Rats fed on high fat diet showed the highest daily gain in body weight 1.89 ±0.3 g, while rats fed on Diplotaxis harra diet showed a highly significant lossing daily gain in body weight (-0.54 ±0.04 g). Addition of Pulicaria incisa to high fat diet in (8 %) highly significant increase in body weight gain, which increased from 37.01 ±1.21 g (in negative control) to 68.77 ±3.14 g (in Pulicaria incisa) after 9 weeks. Also, daily gain in body weight was increased from 0.58±0.02 g (in negative control) to 1.09 ±0.05 g. in Pulicaria incisa. The same trend was nearly shown for rats fed on Avicennia marina, where the body weight gain was increased from 37.01 ±1.21 g. to 48.5712 ±3.91 g and daily gain in body weight was increased from 0.58 ±0.02 g to 0.76 ±0.03 g for negative control to Avcennia marina, respectivily. Diplotaxis harra followed an opposite trend, where loss gain in body weight and daily loss in body weight gain were observed from 37.01 ±1.21 g to -34.62 ±2.8 g and from 0.58 ±0.02 g. to -0.55 ±0.04 g for negative control and Diplotaxis harra, respectively.لـجـنـة الأشـــراف الـعـلـمـي :1- أ.د. / سـلامـة مـيـخـائـيـل عـبـد الـسيــد ..................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة المتفرغ ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـق2- أ.د. / الـسـيـد مـحـمـود مـحـجـوب .....................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / مـحـمـد أحـمـد رأفــــــــت .......................................الـمـديـر السـابـق لـمـعـهـد بـحـوث الـقـطـن – مـركـز الـبـحـوثالــزراعـيـة – الـجـيـزةقسـمـ الــوراثـــــةكـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقالـنتـائج الـوراثـيـة الـمتـرتـبـة عـلـى إدخــال جـيـنـات أجـنـبـيـة إلي بـعـضالأقـطـان الـمـصـريــةمـقـدمـة مـنأحـمـد محـمـد عـبد المغـنى عـبد الـباقـيبكالوريوس العلوم الزراعية، كلية الزراعة بمشتهر، جامعة الزقازيق (2000)للحصـــول عـلى درجةالـمـاجـسـتـيـر فـي الـعــلـوم الــزراعــيـة – وراثـــــةو قد تمت مناقشة الرسالة و الموافقة عليهاالـلجـنـــــــــــةأ.د. / سـلامـة مـيـخـائـيـل عـبـد الـسيــد ..........................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة المتفرغ ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / أحـمـد حـسن فــايـــد ...........................................أسـتاذ و رئيس قسم الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / عبد الحميد عبد الحميد على ............................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة بكفر الشيخ – جـامـعـة طنطاأ.د. / الـسـيـد مـحـمـود مـحـجـوب ............................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقتاريخ الموافقة 26 / 4 / 2006V. SUMMARYThe present investigation was carried out at Department of Cotton Breeding, Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza during the growing seasons 2002-2005.The work was aimed to study the genetic consequences of incorporating new genes from hirsutum cottons into two Egyptian cultivars via interspecific hybridization to increase their yield potentials using BC1s derived from backcrossing interspecific F1s to their Egyptian parents.The genetic effects, based on components of generation means, of studied populations within each interspecific cross were examined. The work was extended to follow incorporating of such new genes by subjecting BC1 populations to clustering analysis to select some promising BC1 plants that outperform their Egyptian parents.In the season of 2002, selfed seeds of the two Egyptian parents; Giza 85 and Giza 86; and the three American parents; Tamcot Camd-e, Acala Maxxa and Palala; were planted. Interspecific hybridization was done using the Egyptian varieties as female parents and the American ones as males, in order to obtain interspecific F1 seeds.In the season of 2003, selfed seeds of the Egyptian parents and the obtained F1 seeds were planted and the interspecific F1 plants were backcrossed to their corresponding Egyptian parents to produce BC1 seeds.In the season of 2004, selfed seeds of all parental varieties, their derived interspecific F1 seeds and their BC1 seeds were planted in complete randomized experimental design, with three replicates. At the end of this season, individual plants of each generation were separately harvested and ginnined.In the season of 2005, the selfed seeds of each selected BC1 plant in each interspecific cross were sown in separate rows, in order to evaluate such selected plants for their yield potentials.The following yield characters were studied on the individual plants basis of each population in each cross: seed cotton yield per boll, lint yield per boll, seed cotton yield per plant, lint yield per plant and lint percentage. These fiber quality characters: fiber length at 2.5% span length, fiber strength and fiber fineness were also examined among the selected plants to evaluate their fiber properties.The obtained data were statistically analyzed on the mean plot basis, for yield characters. A separate analysis of variance for the parental genotypes as well as combined analysis of variance of the interspecific crosses, and the four populations with each one, were done to detect the significance of the observed differences.The genetic effects; m, [a] and [d]; were detected based on generation mean components of the studied populations within each interspecific cross, subjecting to joint analysis using weighted least square method. Heterosis and degree of dominance were also computed.Multivariate technique was applied using clustering analysis based on yield characters, among BC1 plants of each interspecific cross. Clustering analysis was also employed to select some promising plants that surpassed their Egyptian parents. The selected clusters and their individuals were evaluated for yield and fiber quality characters comparing with their Egyptian parents and the genetic gain was estimated.The obtained results could be summarized as follow :-1- Highly significant differences were detected between Egyptian (G. barbadense L.) and American (G. hirsutum L.) cotton varieties for all studied yield characters, and within each group, there was some sort of differences in yield attributes reflecting a lot of genetic variation among these parental genotypes.2- Significant dissimilarity coefficients between all the Egyptian and American cotton parental genotypes were determined expect, between the two American parents “Tamcot Camd-e” and “Palala” showing the lowest coefficients. These significant dissimilarity coefficients, ranging from 13.801, between “Acala Maxxa” and “Palala” to 173.633, between “Giza 85” and “Tamcot Camd-e”, assured their different genetic origin and pedigree.3- Highly significant differences were observed for most studied yield attributes among the five interspecific cotton crosses, as well as populations within each one, reflecting their different genetic constitution.4- The behavior of interspecific F1’s appeared to be of intermediate scores tending to Giza parents for seed cotton yield per boll and lint yield per boll. However, F1 was equal or greater than hirsutum parents for seed cotton yield per plant and lint yield per plant.5- Performance of BC1 plants of the five interspecific cotton crosses for all studied yield characters showed a wide range of genetic variations indicating the existence of some transgerssive segregate and permitting to subject these early generations under selection.6- Most estimates of [a] were not significantly derivate from zero, however, most estimates of [d] were significant differed from zero for the studied yield characters in all interspecific crosses. Hence, the dominance effects were the prevailing and more pronounced than additive effects.7- The negative estimates of [d] indicated that yield attributes progressively directed towards the Egyptian parental values.8- Most estimations of heterosis were negative and significant among all interspecific crosses for most studied characters indicating that expressions of heterotic effects were more tended to barbadense parents rather than hirsutum ones.9- Negative partial dominance was detected for seed cotton yield or lint yield per boll among most crosses. The crosses involved American parents “Tamcot Camd-e” or “Palala” exhibited positive over dominance for seed cotton yield and lint yield per plant, while, lint percentage showed negative over dominance in all studied crosses.10- The clustering analysis classified BC1 plants of the studied interspecific crosses, based on yield characters, into 3-4 kinds of grouping, having different cluster means which might due to the existence of segregants as a result of interspecific crossing.11- Some clusters had the highest scores for almost studied yield characters and ranked firstly, exhibiting their best phenotypic expression and could be taken as selected clusters. Means of such clusters increased significantly in yield attributes comparing with their Giza parental means. Such increments were reflected in significant actual genetic gains, besides their good fiber quality.12- Clustering pattern of BC1 plants appeared to be more effective in selection rather than other segregating generations.13- Examination of individuals of each selected cluster gave an opportunity to detect and select some individuals characterized by their higher potentials and better fiber properties.14- These selected individuals, of each selected cluster, could be considered as promising plants and could be used in cotton improvement program.15- Further evaluation of progenies, derived from selfing such selected individuals, assured their higher yield attributes than their original Giza parents.الــــمـلـخـــص الــعــــربــيأجرى هذا البحث في قسم بحوث تربية القطن ، معهد بحوث القطن ، مركز البحوث الزراعية بالجيزة خلال أربع مواسم زراعية من 2002 إلى 2005. واستخدم في هذه الدراسة صنفين من القطن المصري هما جيزة 85 و جيزة 86 و هما يتبعان النوع Gossypium barbadense L. مع ثلاث أصناف من القطن الأمريكي هما Tamcot Camd-e, Acala Maxxa and Palala و هما يتبعون النوع Gossypium hirsutum L. .وتهدف الدراسة إلى دراسة النتائج الوراثية المترتبة على إدخال جينات جديدة من جنس hirsutum إلى صنفين من القطن المصري و ذلك بغرض زيادة محصولهما باستخدام نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول و الناتجة من التهجين الرجعى بين نباتات الجيل الأول مع الأباء المصرية. وتم دراسة التأثيرات الوراثية لكل هجين على حدة باستخدام تكنيك تحليل متوسط مكونات الأجيال لكل الأجيال المدروسة. و امتدت الدراسة لتتبع الجينات الجديدة في الجيل الرجعى الأول باستخدام تكنيك تحليل المجموعات بغرض انتخاب بعض نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول المبشرة و التي تتفوق على الأب المصري في صفات المحصول .في موسم 2002 زرعت البذرة الذاتية للآباء و تم إجراء التهجين النوعي بينهم ، حيث استخدمت الأصناف المصرية كأمهات و الأصناف الأمريكية كأباء و ذلك للحصول على بذرة الجيل الأول F1 seeds .في موسم 2003 زرعت البذرة الذاتية للأصناف المصرية و كذلك بذرة الجيل الأول و تم إجراء التهجين الرجعى بينهم للحصول على بذرة الجيل الرجعى الأول BC1 seeds .في موسم 2004 زرعت البذرة الذاتية لكل من الأباء المصرية و الأمريكية وبذرة الجيل الأول و بذرة الجيل الرجعى الأول في تجربة قطاعات كاملة العشوائية في ثلاث مكرارت و في نهاية الموسم تم جنى النباتات الفردية و حلج كل نبات على حدة و إجراء اختبارات الجودة عليها.في موسم 2005 زرعت البذرة الذاتية للآباء المصرية و كذلك النباتات المبشرة المنتخبة من الجيل الرجعى الأول في خطوط منفصلة , و في نهاية الموسم تم جنى النباتات الفردية لكل عائلة و حلج كل نبات على حدة.تم دراسة صفات المحصول على النباتات الفردية لكل جيل وهى محصول القطن الزهر/ لوزة، محصول القطن الشعر/ لوزة ، محصول القطن الزهر/ النبات ، محصول القطن الشعر/ النبات ، تصافى الحليج و صفات الجودة و هي الطول عند 2.5% ، النعومة ، المتانة.تم تحليل البيانات على أساس متوسط القطعة التجريبية لصفات المحصول و تحليل التباين لتحديد معنوية الاختلافات المشاهدة بين الأجيال المدروسة ( P1, P2, F1 and BC1 ).تم استخدم تكنيك weighted least square لدراسة التأثيرات الوراثية m, [a] and [d] لكل الأجيال تحت الدراسة معتمدا على متوسط مكونات الأجيال . و كذلك تم حساب قوة الهجين و درجة السيادة لكل هجين.تم استخدام تكنيك Multivariate analysis باستعمال طريقة تحليل المجموعات Clustering analysis معتمدا على صفات المحصول لنباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول لكل الهجن تحت الدراسة . كما استخدم تكنيك تحليل المجموعات لانتخاب بعض النباتات المبشرة والتي تتميز بتفوقها على الأب المصري . و قيمت المجموعات المنتخبة و نباتاتها الفردية لكل من صفات المحصول و الجودة و حساب genetic gain .و يمكن تلخيص النتائج المتحصل عليها فيما يلي :-1- لوحظ وجود اختلافات عالية المعنوية بين كل من الأباء المصرية و الأمريكية لكل صفات المحصول المدروسة و كذلك بين الأصناف و بعضها البعض ، مما يعكس وجود اختلافات وراثية بين كل الأباء .2- كان معامل عدم التشابه dissimilarity coefficients معنويا بين كل الأصناف المصرية و الأمريكية فيما عدا بين الصنفين Tamcot Camd-e و Palala حيث اظهر أقل معامل عدم الشابة . تراوح معامل عدم التشابه بين 13.801 بين كل من Acala Maxxa و Palala إلي 173.633 بين كل من Giza 85 و Tamcot Camd-e ، مما يعكس الاختلاف الوراثي بينهم في النشأة و الأصل .3- لوحظ وجود اختلاقات معنوية بين الخمس هجن النوعية لمعظم صفات المحصول ، وكذلك بين أجيال كل هجين ، مما يوضح الاختلاف الوراثي بينهم .4- يتضح أن سلوك الجيل الأول كان متجها تجاه الأب المصري بالنسبة لصفات محصول القطن الزهر / لوزة و محصول القطن الشعر / لوزة في كل الهجن. في حين تفوق أو تساوى على الأصناف الأمريكية بالنسبة لصفات محصول القطن الزهر/ النبات و محصول القطن الشعر/ النبات .5- أظهر متوسط نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول للهجن تحت الدراسة نطاق عريض من التباين الوراثي لكل صفات المحصول تحت الدراسة ، مما يعنى حدوث انعزالات و التي تسمح بأجراء انتخاب في الأجيال المبكرة .6- لوحظ عدم وجود معنوية بالنسبة للتأثير الجينى المضيف في كل الهجن المدروسة لصفات المحصول ، و مع ذلك وجدت معنوية للتأثير الجينى السيادى لمعظم صفات المحصول . و من ذلك فأن التأثير الجينى السيادى سائد و أكثر وضوحا من التأثير الجينى المضيف .7- التأثير الجينى السيادى السالب يعنى أن صفة المحصول تتفوق على الأباء المصرية .8- كان معظم قوة الهجين معنوية و سالبة لكل الهجن ، مما يعنى أن تعبير قوة الهجين تتجه ناحية الأب المصري اكثر من الأب الأمريكي .9- وجدت سيادة جزيئيه سالبة لصفتي محصول القطن الزهر/ لوزة و محصول القطن الشعر/ لوزة لمعظم الهجن . و كانت سيادة فائقة موجبة بالنسبة لصفتي محصول القطن الزهر/ النبات و محصول القطن الشعر/ النبات في الهجن المحتوية على الأب الأمريكي Tamcot Camd-e و Palala . في حين كانت سيادة فائقة سالبة لصفة تصافى الحليج في كل الهجن المدروسة .10- قسم تكنيك تحليل المجموعات Clustering analysis معتمدا على صفات المحصول نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول من 3-4 مجموعات في كل الهجن و التي اختلفت في متوسط المجموعات مما يعنى حدوث انعزالات كنتيجة للتهجين النوعي .11- أظهرت بعض المجموعات أعلي تقدير لمعظم صفات المحصول و كان ترتيبها الأول، حيث زاد متوسط هذه المجموعات زيادة معنوية على الأب المصري لصفات المحصول و لذلك تم انتخابها.12- أظهرت نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول فاعلية كبيرة في عملية الانتخاب أكثر من الأجيال الانعزالية الأخرى .13- باختبار النباتات الفردية داخل المجموعات المنتخبة أتاح فرصة لاكتشاف و انتخاب بعض النباتات الفردية والتي تميزت بمحصولها العالي و جودة صفات تيلتها.14- و النباتات الفردية المنتخبة يمكن اعتبارها نباتات مبشرة مما يسمح بإمكانية استخدامها في برامج تحسين القطن .15- و أخيرا أظهر النسل الناتج من التلقيح الذاتي للنباتات المنتخبة تفوق في صفات المحصول على الأب المصري .الـنتـائج الـوراثـيـة الـمتـرتـبـة عـلـى إدخــال جـيـنـات أجـنـبـيـة إلي بـعـضالأقـطـان الـمـصـريــةرسـالـة مـقـدمـة مـنأحـمـد محـمـد عـبد المغـنى عـبد الـباقـيبكالوريوس العلوم الزراعية، كلية الزراعة بمشتهر، جامعة الزقازيق (2000)للحصـــول عـلى درجةالـمـاجـسـتـيـر فـي الـعــلـوم الــزراعــيـة(وراثـــــــة)قسـمـ الــوراثـــــةكـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـق2006الـنتـائج الـوراثـيـة الـمتـرتـبـة عـلـى إدخــال جـيـنـات أجـنـبـيـة إلي بـعـضالأقـطـان الـمـصـريــةرسـالـة مـقـدمـة مـنأحـمـد محـمـد عـبد المغـنى عـبد الـباقـيبكالوريوس العلوم الزراعية، كلية الزراعة بمشتهر، جامعة الزقازيق (2000)لـجـنـة الأشـــراف الـعـلـمـي :1- أ.د. / سـلامـة مـيـخـائـيـل عـبـد الـسيــد ..................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة المتفرغ ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـق2- أ.د. / الـسـيـد مـحـمـود مـحـجـوب .....................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / مـحـمـد أحـمـد رأفــــــــت .......................................الـمـديـر السـابـق لـمـعـهـد بـحـوث الـقـطـن – مـركـز الـبـحـوثالــزراعـيـة – الـجـيـزةقسـمـ الــوراثـــــةكـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقالـنتـائج الـوراثـيـة الـمتـرتـبـة عـلـى إدخــال جـيـنـات أجـنـبـيـة إلي بـعـضالأقـطـان الـمـصـريــةمـقـدمـة مـنأحـمـد محـمـد عـبد المغـنى عـبد الـباقـيبكالوريوس العلوم الزراعية، كلية الزراعة بمشتهر، جامعة الزقازيق (2000)للحصـــول عـلى درجةالـمـاجـسـتـيـر فـي الـعــلـوم الــزراعــيـة – وراثـــــةو قد تمت مناقشة الرسالة و الموافقة عليهاالـلجـنـــــــــــةأ.د. / سـلامـة مـيـخـائـيـل عـبـد الـسيــد ..........................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة المتفرغ ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / أحـمـد حـسن فــايـــد ...........................................أسـتاذ و رئيس قسم الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / عبد الحميد عبد الحميد على ............................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة بكفر الشيخ – جـامـعـة طنطاأ.د. / الـسـيـد مـحـمـود مـحـجـوب ............................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقتاريخ الموافقة 26 / 4 / 2006V. SUMMARYThe present investigation was carried out at Department of Cotton Breeding, Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza during the growing seasons 2002-2005.The work was aimed to study the genetic consequences of incorporating new genes from hirsutum cottons into two Egyptian cultivars via interspecific hybridization to increase their yield potentials using BC1s derived from backcrossing interspecific F1s to their Egyptian parents.The genetic effects, based on components of generation means, of studied populations within each interspecific cross were examined. The work was extended to follow incorporating of such new genes by subjecting BC1 populations to clustering analysis to select some promising BC1 plants that outperform their Egyptian parents.In the season of 2002, selfed seeds of the two Egyptian parents; Giza 85 and Giza 86; and the three American parents; Tamcot Camd-e, Acala Maxxa and Palala; were planted. Interspecific hybridization was done using the Egyptian varieties as female parents and the American ones as males, in order to obtain interspecific F1 seeds.In the season of 2003, selfed seeds of the Egyptian parents and the obtained F1 seeds were planted and the interspecific F1 plants were backcrossed to their corresponding Egyptian parents to produce BC1 seeds.In the season of 2004, selfed seeds of all parental varieties, their derived interspecific F1 seeds and their BC1 seeds were planted in complete randomized experimental design, with three replicates. At the end of this season, individual plants of each generation were separately harvested and ginnined.In the season of 2005, the selfed seeds of each selected BC1 plant in each interspecific cross were sown in separate rows, in order to evaluate such selected plants for their yield potentials.The following yield characters were studied on the individual plants basis of each population in each cross: seed cotton yield per boll, lint yield per boll, seed cotton yield per plant, lint yield per plant and lint percentage. These fiber quality characters: fiber length at 2.5% span length, fiber strength and fiber fineness were also examined among the selected plants to evaluate their fiber properties.The obtained data were statistically analyzed on the mean plot basis, for yield characters. A separate analysis of variance for the parental genotypes as well as combined analysis of variance of the interspecific crosses, and the four populations with each one, were done to detect the significance of the observed differences.The genetic effects; m, [a] and [d]; were detected based on generation mean components of the studied populations within each interspecific cross, subjecting to joint analysis using weighted least square method. Heterosis and degree of dominance were also computed.Multivariate technique was applied using clustering analysis based on yield characters, among BC1 plants of each interspecific cross. Clustering analysis was also employed to select some promising plants that surpassed their Egyptian parents. The selected clusters and their individuals were evaluated for yield and fiber quality characters comparing with their Egyptian parents and the genetic gain was estimated.The obtained results could be summarized as follow :-1- Highly significant differences were detected between Egyptian (G. barbadense L.) and American (G. hirsutum L.) cotton varieties for all studied yield characters, and within each group, there was some sort of differences in yield attributes reflecting a lot of genetic variation among these parental genotypes.2- Significant dissimilarity coefficients between all the Egyptian and American cotton parental genotypes were determined expect, between the two American parents “Tamcot Camd-e” and “Palala” showing the lowest coefficients. These significant dissimilarity coefficients, ranging from 13.801, between “Acala Maxxa” and “Palala” to 173.633, between “Giza 85” and “Tamcot Camd-e”, assured their different genetic origin and pedigree.3- Highly significant differences were observed for most studied yield attributes among the five interspecific cotton crosses, as well as populations within each one, reflecting their different genetic constitution.4- The behavior of interspecific F1’s appeared to be of intermediate scores tending to Giza parents for seed cotton yield per boll and lint yield per boll. However, F1 was equal or greater than hirsutum parents for seed cotton yield per plant and lint yield per plant.5- Performance of BC1 plants of the five interspecific cotton crosses for all studied yield characters showed a wide range of genetic variations indicating the existence of some transgerssive segregate and permitting to subject these early generations under selection.6- Most estimates of [a] were not significantly derivate from zero, however, most estimates of [d] were significant differed from zero for the studied yield characters in all interspecific crosses. Hence, the dominance effects were the prevailing and more pronounced than additive effects.7- The negative estimates of [d] indicated that yield attributes progressively directed towards the Egyptian parental values.8- Most estimations of heterosis were negative and significant among all interspecific crosses for most studied characters indicating that expressions of heterotic effects were more tended to barbadense parents rather than hirsutum ones.9- Negative partial dominance was detected for seed cotton yield or lint yield per boll among most crosses. The crosses involved American parents “Tamcot Camd-e” or “Palala” exhibited positive over dominance for seed cotton yield and lint yield per plant, while, lint percentage showed negative over dominance in all studied crosses.10- The clustering analysis classified BC1 plants of the studied interspecific crosses, based on yield characters, into 3-4 kinds of grouping, having different cluster means which might due to the existence of segregants as a result of interspecific crossing.11- Some clusters had the highest scores for almost studied yield characters and ranked firstly, exhibiting their best phenotypic expression and could be taken as selected clusters. Means of such clusters increased significantly in yield attributes comparing with their Giza parental means. Such increments were reflected in significant actual genetic gains, besides their good fiber quality.12- Clustering pattern of BC1 plants appeared to be more effective in selection rather than other segregating generations.13- Examination of individuals of each selected cluster gave an opportunity to detect and select some individuals characterized by their higher potentials and better fiber properties.14- These selected individuals, of each selected cluster, could be considered as promising plants and could be used in cotton improvement program.15- Further evaluation of progenies, derived from selfing such selected individuals, assured their higher yield attributes than their original Giza parents.الــــمـلـخـــص الــعــــربــيأجرى هذا البحث في قسم بحوث تربية القطن ، معهد بحوث القطن ، مركز البحوث الزراعية بالجيزة خلال أربع مواسم زراعية من 2002 إلى 2005. واستخدم في هذه الدراسة صنفين من القطن المصري هما جيزة 85 و جيزة 86 و هما يتبعان النوع Gossypium barbadense L. مع ثلاث أصناف من القطن الأمريكي هما Tamcot Camd-e, Acala Maxxa and Palala و هما يتبعون النوع Gossypium hirsutum L. .وتهدف الدراسة إلى دراسة النتائج الوراثية المترتبة على إدخال جينات جديدة من جنس hirsutum إلى صنفين من القطن المصري و ذلك بغرض زيادة محصولهما باستخدام نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول و الناتجة من التهجين الرجعى بين نباتات الجيل الأول مع الأباء المصرية. وتم دراسة التأثيرات الوراثية لكل هجين على حدة باستخدام تكنيك تحليل متوسط مكونات الأجيال لكل الأجيال المدروسة. و امتدت الدراسة لتتبع الجينات الجديدة في الجيل الرجعى الأول باستخدام تكنيك تحليل المجموعات بغرض انتخاب بعض نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول المبشرة و التي تتفوق على الأب المصري في صفات المحصول .في موسم 2002 زرعت البذرة الذاتية للآباء و تم إجراء التهجين النوعي بينهم ، حيث استخدمت الأصناف المصرية كأمهات و الأصناف الأمريكية كأباء و ذلك للحصول على بذرة الجيل الأول F1 seeds .في موسم 2003 زرعت البذرة الذاتية للأصناف المصرية و كذلك بذرة الجيل الأول و تم إجراء التهجين الرجعى بينهم للحصول على بذرة الجيل الرجعى الأول BC1 seeds .في موسم 2004 زرعت البذرة الذاتية لكل من الأباء المصرية و الأمريكية وبذرة الجيل الأول و بذرة الجيل الرجعى الأول في تجربة قطاعات كاملة العشوائية في ثلاث مكرارت و في نهاية الموسم تم جنى النباتات الفردية و حلج كل نبات على حدة و إجراء اختبارات الجودة عليها.في موسم 2005 زرعت البذرة الذاتية للآباء المصرية و كذلك النباتات المبشرة المنتخبة من الجيل الرجعى الأول في خطوط منفصلة , و في نهاية الموسم تم جنى النباتات الفردية لكل عائلة و حلج كل نبات على حدة.تم دراسة صفات المحصول على النباتات الفردية لكل جيل وهى محصول القطن الزهر/ لوزة، محصول القطن الشعر/ لوزة ، محصول القطن الزهر/ النبات ، محصول القطن الشعر/ النبات ، تصافى الحليج و صفات الجودة و هي الطول عند 2.5% ، النعومة ، المتانة.تم تحليل البيانات على أساس متوسط القطعة التجريبية لصفات المحصول و تحليل التباين لتحديد معنوية الاختلافات المشاهدة بين الأجيال المدروسة ( P1, P2, F1 and BC1 ).تم استخدم تكنيك weighted least square لدراسة التأثيرات الوراثية m, [a] and [d] لكل الأجيال تحت الدراسة معتمدا على متوسط مكونات الأجيال . و كذلك تم حساب قوة الهجين و درجة السيادة لكل هجين.تم استخدام تكنيك Multivariate analysis باستعمال طريقة تحليل المجموعات Clustering analysis معتمدا على صفات المحصول لنباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول لكل الهجن تحت الدراسة . كما استخدم تكنيك تحليل المجموعات لانتخاب بعض النباتات المبشرة والتي تتميز بتفوقها على الأب المصري . و قيمت المجموعات المنتخبة و نباتاتها الفردية لكل من صفات المحصول و الجودة و حساب genetic gain .و يمكن تلخيص النتائج المتحصل عليها فيما يلي :-1- لوحظ وجود اختلافات عالية المعنوية بين كل من الأباء المصرية و الأمريكية لكل صفات المحصول المدروسة و كذلك بين الأصناف و بعضها البعض ، مما يعكس وجود اختلافات وراثية بين كل الأباء .2- كان معامل عدم التشابه dissimilarity coefficients معنويا بين كل الأصناف المصرية و الأمريكية فيما عدا بين الصنفين Tamcot Camd-e و Palala حيث اظهر أقل معامل عدم الشابة . تراوح معامل عدم التشابه بين 13.801 بين كل من Acala Maxxa و Palala إلي 173.633 بين كل من Giza 85 و Tamcot Camd-e ، مما يعكس الاختلاف الوراثي بينهم في النشأة و الأصل .3- لوحظ وجود اختلاقات معنوية بين الخمس هجن النوعية لمعظم صفات المحصول ، وكذلك بين أجيال كل هجين ، مما يوضح الاختلاف الوراثي بينهم .4- يتضح أن سلوك الجيل الأول كان متجها تجاه الأب المصري بالنسبة لصفات محصول القطن الزهر / لوزة و محصول القطن الشعر / لوزة في كل الهجن. في حين تفوق أو تساوى على الأصناف الأمريكية بالنسبة لصفات محصول القطن الزهر/ النبات و محصول القطن الشعر/ النبات .5- أظهر متوسط نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول للهجن تحت الدراسة نطاق عريض من التباين الوراثي لكل صفات المحصول تحت الدراسة ، مما يعنى حدوث انعزالات و التي تسمح بأجراء انتخاب في الأجيال المبكرة .6- لوحظ عدم وجود معنوية بالنسبة للتأثير الجينى المضيف في كل الهجن المدروسة لصفات المحصول ، و مع ذلك وجدت معنوية للتأثير الجينى السيادى لمعظم صفات المحصول . و من ذلك فأن التأثير الجينى السيادى سائد و أكثر وضوحا من التأثير الجينى المضيف .7- التأثير الجينى السيادى السالب يعنى أن صفة المحصول تتفوق على الأباء المصرية .8- كان معظم قوة الهجين معنوية و سالبة لكل الهجن ، مما يعنى أن تعبير قوة الهجين تتجه ناحية الأب المصري اكثر من الأب الأمريكي .9- وجدت سيادة جزيئيه سالبة لصفتي محصول القطن الزهر/ لوزة و محصول القطن الشعر/ لوزة لمعظم الهجن . و كانت سيادة فائقة موجبة بالنسبة لصفتي محصول القطن الزهر/ النبات و محصول القطن الشعر/ النبات في الهجن المحتوية على الأب الأمريكي Tamcot Camd-e و Palala . في حين كانت سيادة فائقة سالبة لصفة تصافى الحليج في كل الهجن المدروسة .10- قسم تكنيك تحليل المجموعات Clustering analysis معتمدا على صفات المحصول نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول من 3-4 مجموعات في كل الهجن و التي اختلفت في متوسط المجموعات مما يعنى حدوث انعزالات كنتيجة للتهجين النوعي .11- أظهرت بعض المجموعات أعلي تقدير لمعظم صفات المحصول و كان ترتيبها الأول، حيث زاد متوسط هذه المجموعات زيادة معنوية على الأب المصري لصفات المحصول و لذلك تم انتخابها.12- أظهرت نباتات الجيل الرجعى الأول فاعلية كبيرة في عملية الانتخاب أكثر من الأجيال الانعزالية الأخرى .13- باختبار النباتات الفردية داخل المجموعات المنتخبة أتاح فرصة لاكتشاف و انتخاب بعض النباتات الفردية والتي تميزت بمحصولها العالي و جودة صفات تيلتها.14- و النباتات الفردية المنتخبة يمكن اعتبارها نباتات مبشرة مما يسمح بإمكانية استخدامها في برامج تحسين القطن .15- و أخيرا أظهر النسل الناتج من التلقيح الذاتي للنباتات المنتخبة تفوق في صفات المحصول على الأب المصري .الـنتـائج الـوراثـيـة الـمتـرتـبـة عـلـى إدخــال جـيـنـات أجـنـبـيـة إلي بـعـضالأقـطـان الـمـصـريــةرسـالـة مـقـدمـة مـنأحـمـد محـمـد عـبد المغـنى عـبد الـباقـيبكالوريوس العلوم الزراعية، كلية الزراعة بمشتهر، جامعة الزقازيق (2000)للحصـــول عـلى درجةالـمـاجـسـتـيـر فـي الـعــلـوم الــزراعــيـة(وراثـــــــة)قسـمـ الــوراثـــــةكـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـق2006الـنتـائج الـوراثـيـة الـمتـرتـبـة عـلـى إدخــال جـيـنـات أجـنـبـيـة إلي بـعـضالأقـطـان الـمـصـريــةرسـالـة مـقـدمـة مـنأحـمـد محـمـد عـبد المغـنى عـبد الـباقـيبكالوريوس العلوم الزراعية، كلية الزراعة بمشتهر، جامعة الزقازيق (2000)لـجـنـة الأشـــراف الـعـلـمـي :1- أ.د. / سـلامـة مـيـخـائـيـل عـبـد الـسيــد ..................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة المتفرغ ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـق2- أ.د. / الـسـيـد مـحـمـود مـحـجـوب .....................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / مـحـمـد أحـمـد رأفــــــــت .......................................الـمـديـر السـابـق لـمـعـهـد بـحـوث الـقـطـن – مـركـز الـبـحـوثالــزراعـيـة – الـجـيـزةقسـمـ الــوراثـــــةكـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقالـنتـائج الـوراثـيـة الـمتـرتـبـة عـلـى إدخــال جـيـنـات أجـنـبـيـة إلي بـعـضالأقـطـان الـمـصـريــةمـقـدمـة مـنأحـمـد محـمـد عـبد المغـنى عـبد الـباقـيبكالوريوس العلوم الزراعية، كلية الزراعة بمشتهر، جامعة الزقازيق (2000)للحصـــول عـلى درجةالـمـاجـسـتـيـر فـي الـعــلـوم الــزراعــيـة – وراثـــــةو قد تمت مناقشة الرسالة و الموافقة عليهاالـلجـنـــــــــــةأ.د. / سـلامـة مـيـخـائـيـل عـبـد الـسيــد ..........................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة المتفرغ ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / أحـمـد حـسن فــايـــد ...........................................أسـتاذ و رئيس قسم الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقأ.د. / عبد الحميد عبد الحميد على ............................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة بكفر الشيخ – جـامـعـة طنطاأ.د. / الـسـيـد مـحـمـود مـحـجـوب ............................................أسـتاذ الـوراثــة ــ كـلية الـزراعـة – جـامـعـة الـزقـازيـقتاريخ الموافقة 26 / 4 / 2006V. SUMMARYThe present investigation was carried out at Department of Cotton Breeding, Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza during the growing seasons 2002-2005.The work was aimed to study the genetic consequences of incorporating new genes from hirsutum cottons into two Egyptian cultivars via interspecific hybridization to increase their yield potentials using BC1s derived from backcrossing interspecific F1s to their Egyptian parents.The genetic effects, based on components of generation means, of studied populations within each interspecific cross were examined. The work was extended to follow incorporating of such new genes by subjecting BC1 populations to clustering analysis to select some promising BC1 plants that outperform their Egyptian parents.In the season of 2002, selfed seeds of the two Egyptian parents; Giza 85 and Giza 86; and the three American parents; Tamcot Camd-e, Acala Maxxa and Palala; were planted. Interspecific hybridization was done using the Egyptian varieties as female parents and the American ones as males, in order to obtain interspecific F1 seeds.In the season of 2003, selfed seeds of the Egyptian parents and the obtained F1 seeds were planted and the interspecific F1 plants were backcrossed to their corresponding Egyptian parents to produce BC1 seeds.In the season of 2004, selfed seeds of all parental varieties, their derived interspecific F1 seeds and their BC1 seeds were planted in complete randomized experimental design, with three replicates. At the end of this season, individual plants of each generation were separately harvested and ginnined.In the season of 2005, the selfed seeds of each selected BC1 plant in each interspecific cross were sown in separate rows, in order to evaluate such selected plants for their yield potentials.The following yield characters were studied on the individual plants basis of each population in each cross: seed cotton yield per boll, lint yield per boll, seed cotton yield per plant, lint yield per plant and lint percentage. These fiber quality characters: fiber length at 2.5% span length, fiber strength and fiber fineness were also examined among the selected plants to evaluate their fiber properties.The obtained data were statistically analyzed on the mean plot basis, for yield characters. A separate analysis of variance for the parental genotypes as well as combined analysis of variance of the interspecific crosses, and the four populations with each one, were done to detect the significance of the observed differences.The genetic effects; m, [a] and [d]; were detected based on generation mean components of the studied populations within each interspecific cross, subjecting to joint analysis using weighted least square method. Heterosis and degree of dominance were also computed.Multivariate technique was applied using clustering analysis based on yield characters, among BC1 plants of each interspecific cross. Clustering analysis was also employed to select some promising plants that surpassed their Egyptian parents. The selected clusters and their individuals were evaluated for yield and fiber quality characters comparing with their Egyptian parents and the genetic gain was estimated.The obtained results could be summarized as follow :-1- Highly significant differences were detected between Egyptian (G. barbadense L.) and American (G. hirsutum L.) cotton varieties for all studied yield characters, and within each group, there was some sort of differences in yield attributes reflecting a lot of genetic variation among these parental genotypes.2- Significant dissimilarity coefficients between all the Egyptian and American cotton parental genotypes were determined expect, between the two American parents “Tamcot Camd-e” and “Palala” showing the lowest coefficients. These significant dissimilarity coefficients, ranging from 13.801, between “Acala Maxxa” and “Palala” to 173.633, between “Giza 85” and “Tamcot Camd-e”, assured their different genetic origin and pedigree.3- Highly significant differences were observed for most studied yield attributes among the five interspecific cotton crosses, as well as populations within each one, reflecting their different genetic constitution.4- The behavior of interspecific F1’s appeared to be of intermediate scores tending to Giza parents for seed cotton yield per boll and lint yield per boll. However, F1 was equal or greater than hirsutum parents for seed cotton yield per plant and lint yield per plant.5- Performance of BC1 plants of the five interspecific cotton crosses for all studied yield characters showed a wide range of genetic variations indicating the existence of some transgerssive segregate and permitting to subject these early generations under selection.6- Most estimates of [a] were not significantly derivate from zero, however, most estimates of [d] were significant differed from zero for the studied yield characters in all interspecific crosses. Hence, the dominance effects were the prevailing and more pronounced than additive effects.7- The negative estimates of [d] indicated that yield attributes progressively directed towards the Egyptian parental values.8- Most estimations of heterosis were negative and significant among all interspecific crosses for most studied characters indicating that expressions of heterotic effects were more tended to barbadense parents rather than hirsutum ones.9- Negative partial dominance was detected for seed cotton yield or lint yield per boll among most crosses. The crosses involved American parents “Tamcot Camd-e” or “Palala” exhibited positive over dominance for seed cotton yield and lint yield per plant, while, lint percentage showed negative over dominance in all studied crosses.10- The clustering analysis classified BC1 plants of the studied interspecific crosses, based on yield characters, into 3-4 kinds of grouping, having different cluster means which might due to the existence of segregants as a result of interspecific crossing.11- Some clusters had the highest scores for almost studied yield characters and ranked firstly, exhibiting their best phenotypic expression and could be taken as selected clusters. Means of such clusters increased significantly in yield attributes comparing with their Giza parental means. Such increments were reflected in significant actual genetic gains, besides their good fiber quality.12- Clustering pattern of BC1 plants appeared to be more effective in selection rather than other segregating generations.13- Examination of individuals of each selected cluster gave an opportunity to detect and select some individuals characterized by their higher potentials and better fiber properties.14- These selected individuals, of each selected cluster, could be considered as promising plants and could be used in cotton improvement program.15- Further evaluation of progenies, derived from selfing such selected individuals, assured their higher yield attributes than their original Giza parents.7- Total lipids showed an increase from 400.71 ±7.06 mg/dl in negative control to 1551.12 ±43.76 mg/dl in positive control. By given the value 100 to negative control, the increase in total lipids was 387.09% for positive control. It was found that the addition of P. incisa gave the highest significant decrease in total lipid, which were 100 %, 387.09 %, 185.02 %, 98.67 % and 165.49 %, total cholesterol which were 100 %, 258.33 %, 135.93 % 81.81 % and 146.32 %, and triglycerides which were 100 % 559.91 %, 227.48 % 122.67 % and 244.03 %, for negative control, positive control, Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectively. Other parameters also significantly decreased but in different degrees, so, HDL-cholesterol were 100 %, 51.53 % 85.89 % 60.41 % and 81.60%, while LDL-cholesterol were 100 %, 664.30 % 227.27 %,133.15 % and 274.94 %, and VLDL-cholesterol were 100 %, 5681%, 22.57 % 122.68 % and 244.12 %, for negative control, positive control, Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectivily.6- The risk parametars for choronic heart deases were calculated. Chylomicronaemia were 100 %, 45.81 %, 59.68 %, 66.77 % and 57.09 %. TG/LDL-C ratio were 100 % 1091 %, 265.33 % 203.21 % and 299.79 %. HDL-C/Pooled lipoprotein cholesterol were 100 %, 19.78 %, 63.21 %, 70.79 % and 55.18 %. Atherogenic index were 100 % 1268.52 % 266.66 %, 218.52 % 333.33 %. Ratio of HDL-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol were 100 %, 1302.3 %, 260.9 %, 222.7 % and 338.6 %, for negative control, positive control, Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectivily.7- Most organs functions were improved and attained nearly to the negative control group. S.G.O.T. was 100 %, 260.88 %, 107.70 %, 142.81 % and 187.26 %. S.G.P.T. was 100 %, 226.07 %, 147.5 % %147.5 % and 153.57 %. S.G.O.T./S.G.P.T. ratio was 100 %, 115.83% 73.3 %, 97.5 % and 122.5 %. Serum total bilirubin was 100%, 227.27 %, 227.27 %, 181.18 % and 184.85 %, for negative control, positive control, Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectivily.8- The protein fraction were done, so, the s. albumin were 100 %, 114.87 %, 78.44 %, 47.41 % and 78.88. Serum total protein was 100 %, 134.5 %, 108.55 %, 60.03 % and 115.98 %. Serum globulin was 100%, 171.08, 164.66 %, 85.53 % and 185.14 %, and albumin/globulin ratio was 100 %, 65.05 %, 48.92 %, 56.99 % and 42.47 %, for negative control, positive control, Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectivily. Serum glucose was nearly returned the negative control it was 100 %, 127.32 % 92.68 %, 93.51 % and 92.38 %, for negative control, positive control, Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectivily.9- Renal function was also done, s. uric acid was 100 %, 114.55 %,97.77 % 105.31 % and 98.80 %, and blood urea was 100 %, 177.61 % 162.2 %, 192.21 % 159.91 %, for negative control, positive control, Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectivily.The present investigation concluded that, improving knowledge of the biological effect of wild medicinal plants would assist in the efforts to achieve the curing effect of these plants. Optioned data about its role as a hypocholesterolemic agent gives us valuable information about its biological role. P. incisa and A. marina plants can play a hypocholesterolemic role against hypercholesterolemia disease at rate of 8 % in diets. D. harra my do same effect but in lower doses. The possible role of such plants contents of active components, which may play as antioxidants, attack free radical, improve lipid pattern and organs function. So these plants considered as a new non-conventional supply for the pharmaceutical industries and for edible purposes.The approximate chemical composition of whole plant of Pulicaria incisa (Flea-bane), whole plant of Diplotaxis harra (Stink-weed) and leaves of Avicennia marina (Black mangrove) showed low oil and protein contents. The obtained data showed the total carbohydrates of Avicennia marina was high while it was moderate in Diplotaxis harra and Pulicaria incisa. The oils fatty acid composition showed increasing ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in all studied plants.The preliminary phytochemical screening showed that Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina were rich in falconoid, catechol tannins, cardenolides, desoxy-sugar, anthraquinone glycoside, saponines and gallic acid. Methanolic extracts of Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina were investigated for total, free and conjugated polyphenols. The thiocyanate antioxidant assay of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was the highest value, while the methanolic extract of D. harra and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was nearly the same. The lowest values were in the extracts of Avicennia marina and ascorbic acid.The methanolic extract for radical scavenging activity (RSA) assays after (10, 30 and 60 min.) were high for Pulicaria incisa, Diplotaxis harra and Avicennia marina, respectively.Body weight gain, liverand kidney functions and lipid pattern were determined, it was found that the addition of Pulicaria incisa gave the highest significant decrease in total lipid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Other plants also significantly decrease all these parameters but at lower different degrees. HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, chylomicronaemia ratio, TG/LDL-cholesterol ratio, HDL-cholesterol/Pooled lipoprotein ratio, atherogenic index and ratio of LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol were also determined in rat’s serum. Most organs functions were improved and approached nearly the negative control levels of S.G.O.T., S.G.P.T., S.G.O.T./S.G.P.T. ratio, s. albumin, s. total protein, s. globulin, s. total bilirubin, albumin/globulin ratio, s. uric acid and blood urea. Also, s. glucose was nearly returned the negative control group.