SUMMARYThis study aim to throw some light on the evaluation of three wild plants extracts as alternative insecticides. Three wild plants belong to two plant families, Francoeuria crispa Fam. compositea and two plant Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum and Aizoon canariense Fam. Aizacea collected from Sharkia Governorate. These plants extracted successively by four solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol 70%). Theses plants yielded 12 different extracts were evaluated against cotton leafworm, Spodopetra littoralis (Boisd.). Fourth instar larvae of S. littoralis treated with these extracts by dipping technique to know the effect of these extracts on biology, food consumption and biochemical responses.1. Biological effect of the used plant extracts onSpodoptera littoralis:1.1 The biological effect of petroleum ether plant extracts:1.1.1 The biological effect of petroleum ether plant extracts in larval stage:1.1.1.1 4th instar-larvae:Petroleum ether plant extracts showed a slight increase in the instar-larvae duration. All petroleum ether plant extracts had no mortality, except that A. canariense at 10% which caused (2.50%) larval mortality percentage. All petroleum ether plant extracts had no larval failure percentage, except that A. canariense at 10% which caused (5.00%) larval failure percentage1.1.1.2 5th instar-larvae:All petroleum ether plant extracts had no effect on percentage of larvae reached 5th instar larvae, except that A. canariense at 10% which caused (92.50%). All petroleum ether plant extract caused an increase in duration of 5th instar-larvae and F. crispa at 5% caused 3.000.13 day. All petroleum ether plant extracts had no larval mortality percentage, except that F. crispa at 5% which had (2.50%) larval mortality percentage. All petroleum ether plant extracts had no larval failure percentage, except that M. nodiflorum at 5 and 10.00% which caused 7.50% and 2.50% larval failure percentage.1.1.1.3. 6th instar-larvae:M. nodiflorum and A. canariense at 5% showed the lowest percentage of larvae reached to 6th instar larvae (92.50%). F. crispa at 5% and A. canariense at 10% showed the highest prolongation in 6th instar larvae duration. All test petroleum ether extracts had no larval mortality percentage on 6th instar-larvae. A. canariense at 10% recorded the highest larval failure percentage of 6th instar larvae (5.40%).1.1.1.4. Total larvae stage:A. canariense at 10% recorded the highest prolongation on total larval duration 10.500.13 day. All petroleum ether extracts had no larval mortality percentage, except that A. canariense at 10% which have 2.50% total larval mortality percentage. F. crispa at 5% and A. canariense at 10% showed the highest larval failure percentage 10.00%.1.1.2 Effect of petroleum ether extracts on pupal stage ofS. littoralis:M. nodiflorum at 5% caused the highest decrease on pupation percentage 83.33% and the highest deformation and pupal mortality percentage 16.67% and 20.00%. Pupal duration decreased at all tested petroleum ether extracts. All tested petroleum ether extracts decreased pupal weight and F. crispa at 5% showed the lowest pupal weight 0.27330.01 gm.1.1.3. Effect of petroleum ether extracts on adult stage ofS. littoralis:M. nodiflorum at 5% showed that lowest emergence of adult percentage 80.00%. F. crispa at 5% recorded the highest malformation of adult percentage 20.70%. M. nodiflorum at 10% recorded the highest sex ratio 1.23, while A. canariense at 10% showed the lowest one 0.67. A. canariense at 10% showed the longest male longevity 20.000.85 day, while F. crispa at 5% recorded the longest female longevity 15.501.10 day. Petroleum ether extracts decreased fecundity of female and M. nodiflorum at 5% recorded the lowest number of deposited egg/female 1257142. Petroleum ether extracts decreased hatchability, F. crispa at 5% caused the highest reduction 56.40%, and M. nodiflorum at 5% recorded the highest percentage of total injury 45.00%.1.2. Biological effect of chloroform extracts on cotton leaf worm, S. littoralis:1.2.1 Biological effect of chloroform extracts on larval stage:1.2.1.1 4th instar-larvae:Chloroform extracts caused a slight prolongation on 4th inster larvae. M. nodiflorum at 5% caused the highest larval mortality percentage 7.50%, while F. crispa at 5 and 10%, and M. nodiflorum at 10% had no larval mortality percentage. M. nodiflorum at 10% recorded the highest larval failure percentage of 4th instar-larvae 20.00%, while A. canariense at 5% had no larval failure percentage.1.2.1.2 5th instar larvae:M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the lowest percentage of larvae reached to 5th instar larvae 80.00%. All tested chloroform extracts prolonged 5th instar-larvae duration and M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest 5th instar-larvae 7.152.26 day. All tested chloroform extracts had no larval mortality percentage, except that F. crispa at 10% and A. canariense at 5% which caused 2.70% and 2.60% 5th instar larval mortality percentage respectively. F. crispa at 5% caused the highest larval failure percentage 14.30%, while M. nodiflorum at 5% had no larval failure percentage.1.2.1.3 6th instar-larvae:M. nodiflorum at 10% caused lowest percentage of larvae reached to 6th instar larvae 70%. F. crispa at 5% recorded the longest 6th instar larvae duration 5.460.08 day. F. crispa at 5 and 10% only caused larval mortality percentage on 6th instar larvae 3.33% and 2.90%. F. crispa at 5% showed the highest larval failure percentage 10%.1.2.1.4 Total larvae stage:F. crispa at 5% recorded the longest larval duration 12.400.63 day. M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the highest larval mortality percentage 7.50%, while 10% had no mortality. Both of F. crispa at 5% and M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest larval failure percentage 32.50%, while M. nodiflorum and A. canariense at 5% recorded the lowest larval failure percentage 7.50%.1.2.2 Effect of chloroform extracts on pupal stage:Both of F. crispa at 5% and M. nodiflorum at 10% only decreased pupation percentage 94.74% and 92.60% respectively and caused deformation of pupae 5.26 %and 7.40% respectively. All tested extracts caused pupal mortality, except that M. nodiflorum at 10% which had no pupal mortality. A. canariense at 5% showed the longest pupal duration 9.180.11 day. F. crispa at 5% showed the lowest pupal weight 0.26320.01 gm.1.2.3 Effect of chloroform plant extracts on adult stage:F. crispa at 5% showed the lowest emergence of adult percentage 88.46%, while M. nodiflorum at 10% had no effect on emergence of adult. M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest malformation percentage of adult 24.00%. M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the lowest sex ratio 0.47, while F. crispa at 5% recorded the highest one 1.30. M. nodiflorum at 5% showed that longest longevity of male 13.701.25 day, while F. crispa at 5% recorded the shortest one 8.000.86 day. M. nodiflorum at 5% recorded the lowest female longevity 8.18±0.66 day. M. nodiflorum at 10% caused the highest reduction on fecundity of female 1005±417. F. crispa at 5% decreased the hatchability very drastically 21.30%. M. nodiflorum at 10% caused the highest injury percentage 52.50%.1.3 Biological effect of ethyl acetate extract on cotton leaf worm, S. littoralis.1.3.1 Effect of ethyl acetate extracts on larval stage.1.3.1.1 4th instar larvae.Ethyl acetate prolonged duration of 4th instar larvae and A. canareinse at 10% caused the highest effect 4.250.20 day. A. canariense at 5 and 10% had no larval mortality percentage, while M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest percentage 5%. A. canariense at 10% caused the highest larval failure percentage 20%.1.3.1.2 5th instar larvae.A. canariense at 10% showed the lowest percentage of larvae reached to 6th instar larvae 80%, while F. crispa recorded the highest one 97.50%. M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the longest duration 6.431.50 day. All tested extracts had no larval morality percentage, except that A. canariense at 5% which caused 2.80% mortality. A. canariense at 10% showed the highest larval failure percentage 12.50%, while M. nodiflorum at 10% had no larval failure percentage.1.3.1.3 6th instar larvae.A. canariense at 10% showed the lowest percentage of larvae reached to 6th instar larvae 70%. Duration of 6th instar larvae decreased at all ethyl acetate extracts. All tested ethyl acetate extracts had no larval morality percentage, except that A. canariense at 10% caused 7.14% larval mortality. M. nodiflorum at 10% had no larval failure percentage, while A. canariense at 10% had the highest larval failure percentage 10.7%.1.3.1.4 Total larval stage.A. canariense at 10% had the longest larval duration 14.250.40 day. All extracts caused larval mortality and M. nodiflorum and A. canariense at 10% had the highest percentage 5%. A. canariense at 10% showed the highest larval failure percentage 37.50%.1.3.2 Effect of ethyl acetate extracts on pupal stage:F. crispa at 5% showed the lowest pupation percentage 85.70% and the highest deformation percentage 14.30%, while M. nodiflorum and A. canariense at 10% had no deformed pupae. M. nodiflorum at 5% recorded the highest pupal mortality 23.30%. A. canariense at 10% only showed increase in pupal duration 10.700.22 day. A. canariense at 10% decreased pupal weight drastically 0.25350.008 gm.1.3.3. Effect of ethyl acetate extracts on adult stage ofS. littoralis.M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the lowest percentage of adult 76.70 A. canariense at 5% recorded the highest malformation percentage 34.80%. Ethyl acetate extracts increased sex ratio and M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the highest sex ratio 2.29%. Ethyl acetate extracts decreased male longevity and M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the lowest male longevity 10.331.00 day. A. canariense at 5% recorded the highest female longevity 13.61.40 day. M. nodiflorum at 10% recorded the highest number of deposited egg/female 2015260, while 5% showed the lowest one 374170. M. nodiflorum at 5% decreased hatchability very drastically 11.28%. A. canariense at 5% caused the highest injury percentage 62.50%.1.4 Biological effect of ethanol extracts on cotton leaf worm, S. littoralis.1.4.1 Effect of ethanol extracts on larval stage of S. littoralis.1.4.1.1 4th instar larvae.Ethanol extracts prolonged duration of 4th instar larvae and M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest 4th instar larvae duration 3.500.08 day. A. canariense at 5% showed the highest larval mortality percentage 15%. All tested extracts had no larval failure percentage, except that F. crispa at 5% showed 2.50%.1.4.1.2 5th instar larvae.A. canariense at 5% showed the lowest percentage 85%, while M. nodiflorum at 10% had no larval mortality percentage. M. nodiflorum at 5% caused the highest prolongation of duration 4.130.18 day. All tested ethanol extracts had no larval mortality percentage, except M. nodiflorum at 10%, which showed the highest mortality 5%. F. crispa at 10% showed the highest larval failure percentage 5.12% while M. nodiflorum at 5% and A. canariense at 10% had no mortality.1.4.1.3 6th instar larvae.A. canariense at 5% caused the lowest percentage of larvae reached to 6th instar larvae 82.50%. Ethanol extracts prolonged duration and M. nodiflorum at 5% the longest one 6.80.3 day. All tested extracts had no mortality, except F. crispa and M. nodiflorum at 10%, showed 2.70% mortality. M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest larval failure percentage 10.8%.1.4.1.3 Total larval stage.M. nodiflorum at 5% caused the highest prolongation on larval duration 13.140.40 day. All tested extracts caused larval morality percentage and A. canariense at 5% showed the highest percentage 15%. M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest percentage 15% larval mortality.1.4.2 Effect of ethanol extracts on pupal stage:M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the highest decrease on pupation percentage 85.70 of S. littoralis and the highest deformation on pupae 14.30% and pupal mortality 13.33, while F. crispa at 5% and M. nodiflorum at 10% had no pupal morality. Ethanol extracts had no effect on pupal weight.1.4.3. Effect of ethanol extracts on adult stage of S. littoralis.M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the lowest emergence of adult 84.80%, while F. crispa at 5% and M. nodiflorum at 10% had no effect on emergence of adult. M. nodiflorum at 5% recorded the highest malformation of adult percentage 49.3%. M. nodiflorum at 5% recorded the lowest sex ratio 0.69, while F. crispa at 10% showed the highest one 1.15. F. crispa at 10% showed the shortest male longevity 9.00±0.45 day. A. canariense at 10% recorded the shortest female longevity 7.801.13 day, while M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the longest one 12.301.30 day. A. canariense at 5% recorded the lowest number of deposited eggs/female 858±201 and hatchability percentage 50.30%. M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the highest total injury 50.00%.---2- Effect of plant extracts on food consumption ofSpodoptera littoralis.Three wild plant; F. crispa, M. nodiflorum and A. canariense extracted successively by four solvents; petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol 70%. These plant yielded different extracts. Fourth, instar larvae of S. littoralis tested with these extracts to know the effect of these extracts on consumption food. Some parameters were studied as; amount of ingested and digested food by treated larvae, mean weight, weight of larval gained, consumption index (C.I), growth rate (G.R), approximate digestibility (A.D), efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food (E.C.I and E.C.D).2.1 Effect of petroleum ether plant extracts on food consumption of S. littoralisLarval weight, weight gained, food consumed and digested food were affected by larval feeding on different petroleum ether plant extracts. F. recorded the highest values followed by A. canariense at 10%. A canariense crispa at 5% recorded the lowest values, while M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the lowest C.I value 1.09, while F. crispa recorded that highest one. G.R affected slightly and M. nodiflorum at 10% caused the lowest G.R values 0.24 M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the lowest. A.D value 75.25%, while F. crispa at 5% showed the highest value 88.76%, this means that the production of feces on M. nodiflorum at 10% was higher than that of F. crispa at 5%. In contrary M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest E.C.I and E.C.D values 49.75% and 66.10% respectively, while F. crispa at 5% recorded the lowest values 23.77% and 26.78% respectively.2.2. Effect of chloroform extracts on food consumption ofS. littoralis:Larval weight, weight gained, food ingested and digested food affected by feeding larvae of S. littoralis on treated castor bean leaves with chloroform plant extracts. A. canariense at 10% recorded the lowest ingested food 6.66 gm, while 5% showed the lowest digested food, mean weight of treated larvae and weight of gained 6.66, 0.45 and 0.71respectively. In contrary, M. nodiflorum at 10% recorded the highest amounts of ingested and digested food were 7.08 and 6.75 gm respectively. while, A. canariense at 10% showed the highest mean weight of larvae 0.52 gm and M. nodiflorum at 5% showed the highest weight of larval gained 0.86 gm. C.I was affected by these extracts and M. nodiflorum at 10% recorded the highest C.I values 3.15 and A canariense at 10% showed the lowest values 2.56 compared with the chloroform control 3.12. G.R values were nearly similar at all extracts and chloroform control. A.D values increased and M. nodiflorum at 10% showed the highest values 2.56, while A. canariense at 5% recorded the lowest values 91.74 compared with the chloroform control 87.17. E.C.I values ranges between a minimum of 10.86 for A. canariense at 5% to a maximum of 13.10 for 10% compared with the chloroform control 11.02. E.C.D values ranged between a minimum of 11.83 for A. canariense at 5% to a maximum of 13.94 for 10% compared with the chloroform control 12.64.2.3 Effect of ethyl acetate extracts on food consumption ofS. littoralis.