Changes in biochemical constituents and nucleic acids in fish exposed to herbicide pollution

The present investigation was initiated to study the toxic effects of sublethal concentrations of two herbicide; thiobencarb (1.02 and 2.38 ppm) and butachlor (0.27 and 0.65 ppm) on the freshwater fish; Oreochromis niloticus, for different intervals among 14 days of treatment and for 7 days of recovery.The toxic effects of exposure to herbicides were studied on nitrogen base composition, methylation level of DNA and on some physiological biomarkers (liver and kidney functions) as well as, calcium profile, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations. Also, stress-related biomarkers, homeostasis biomarkers, the organlbody weight ratio as well as, the histopathological alterations of gill.