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V-SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONNowadays, Foeniculum vulgare, Mill var. Dulce (fennel) is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants grown in the countries bordering Mediterranean Sea and Egypt. Foeniculum vulgare is used in fold medicine (for human and insect). It’s fruits and oil are used in many pharmaceutical preparations and food industries.The present work aimed to clarify to what extent Foeniculum vulgare plant will tolerate saline water irrigation in sandy soils and improving its fruits yield and oil productivity by using complete fertilizer (sangral) ( as application dates and concentrations) (under the new reclaimed soils and drip irrigation system conditions). Besides to study the effect of these treatments and their interaction treatments on growth, flowering, fruit yield components, oil production and components as well as some chemical constituents i.e., the percentages and contents of each of total carbohydrates, nitrogen, protein, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese and iron of fennel plants. Furthermore, the effects of those used treatments on correlation coefficients between the important characters of fennel plant were studied.The used saline water irrigation (by using the salt crust of water) levels at control, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm . Whereas, the concentrations of complete fertilizer were; control , 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm. Also, the treatments of application dates were; 30, 60 and 90 days from planting. Each of application date was combined with each level of complete fertilizer to form fifteen interaction treatments which were the combination treatments between three application dates and five complete fertilizer concentrations as mentioned before. The control plants were treated with tap water.The obtained results could be summarized as followsI. First ExperimentEffect of saline water irrigation treatments on fennel plats1.The treatments of saline water irrigation caused highly significant decrease in each of plant height, number of leaves, branches / plant, root length, fresh and dry weights of each of leaves, stem and root / plant. In the same time, the reductions in this respect was increased as salinity levels increased up to that of 4000 ppm.2.The treatment of saline water irrigation at 4000 ppm recorded highly significant decrease in number of umbels and bisexual flowers / plant as well as No. of umbellates/ umbel . While, male flowers No. / plant and sex expression (male/ bisexual ratio) were significantly increased with the same treatment of salinity compared to control.3. Weight of fruits per plant and per feddan as well as weight of 100 fruits recorded highly significant decrease as a result by using 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm concentrations of salinity treatments compared to control.4. The volatile oil percentage and yield per plant and per feddan were highly significantly decreased by using salinity treatments.5.The treatment of 1000 ppm salinity produced the highest value of the main component of fennel oil percentage (anethole). While, the treatment of 4000 ppm of salinity recorded the lowest value in this respect compared to the other ones under study.6. The treatments of saline water irrigation (specially 3000 and 4000 ppm) gave highly significant decrease in the percentages and the fruits contents of each of total carbohydrates, nitrogen, protein and phosphorus as well as potassium besides, the fruits contents of zinc, manganese and iron compared to control.7. Correlation coefficient study: Under saline water irrigation treatments, oil content / plant exhibited positive and highly significant relations with each of dry weight of leaves / plant, number of bisexual flowers/ plant, weight of fruits / plant, number of umbels/ plant and the fruits contents of each of total carbohydrates, nitrogen and iron /plant. Whereas, it negatively detected significant correlation with number of male flowers/plant. Likewise, correlation coefficients between the other characters of fennel were also studied.II. Second ExperimentEffect of complete fertilizer treatments on fennel plantsA. Effect of complete fertilizer application date treatments8. The treatment of one spray after 60 days from planting gave highly significant increase in each of plant height, number of branches, leaves/ plant, fresh and dry weights of leaves, stem and root / plant as well as root length / plant compared to one spray after 30 days treatment from planting .9. Number of umbels / plant, umbellates/ umbel, bisexual flowers/ plant were highly significantly increased by using one spray after 60 days from planting. While, one spray after 60 days from planting exhibited highly significant decrease in number of male flowers/ plant and sex expression compared to the other ones.10. Weight of fruits per plant, per feddan and weight of 100 fruits gave highly significant increase by using one spray after 60 days from planting in the two seasons.11. The treatment of one spray after 30 days from planting gave highly significant decrease in oil percentage and oil yield of fruits per plant and per feddan compared to that of the other two ones ( after 60 and 90 days from planting).12. The highest value of the main component of fennel oil percentage (anethole) was obtained by using one spray after 60 days from planting comparing to the other two ones.13. The treatment of one spray after 60 days from planting caused a highly significant increase in the percentages and content of the fruits for each of total carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to one spray after 30 days treatment from planting.14. Zinc, manganese and iron contents in fennel fruits were highly significantly increased by using the treatment of one spray after 60 days from planting compared to that of the other two ones (after 30 and 90 days).B. Effect of complete fertilizer concentrations treatments15.The treatments of 3000 and 4000 ppm concentrations of complete fertilizer highly significantly increased each of plant height, number of branches and leaves/ plant, fresh and dry weights of leaves, stem and root / plant as well as root length / plant compared to the other ones under study.16.The complete fertilizer treatments at 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm gave highly significant increase in each of number of umbels / plant, umbellates / umbel, bisexual flowers / plant, while, the same concentrations of complete fertilizer exhibited highly significant decrease in number of male flowers/ plant and sex expression compared to the other ones.17.Weight of fruits per plant and feddan as well as weight of 100 fruits were highly significantly increased by using complete fertilizer treatments and recorded their values in the respect by using that of 4000 ppm compared to the other ones under study.18. The treatment of complete fertilizer at 4000 ppm showed highly significant increase in oil percentage and oil yield per plant and per feddan compared to control.19. The treatment of 4000 ppm of complete fertilizer was more effective in increasing anethole percentage compared to the other ones of oil components in fennel fruits.20. Using complete fertilizer at 4000 ppm gave highly significant increase in total carbohydrates percentage and content/ plant fruits, as well as total nitrogen, protein, phosphorus and potassium contents of fennel fruits in the two seasons compared to control.21. The treatment of complete fertilizer at 4000 ppm concentration was more effective than the other ones of complete fertilizer, since, it gave highly significant increase in zinc, manganese and iron contents in fennel fruits compared to control.C. Effect of interaction treatments between complete fertilizer application dates and its concentrations22.The interaction treatment between 4000 ppm of complete fertilizer concentration and one spray after 60 days gave highly significant increase in fennel plant height, number of leaves, branches/ plant, fresh and dry weights of leaves, stem and root / plant, root length / plant comparing to control or most of the other interactions ones.23.Number of umbels/ plant, umbellates / umbel and bisexual flowers/ plant recorded highly significant increase by using complete fertilizer concentration at 4000 ppm combined with one spray after 60 days from planting. While, the same interaction treatment caused a highly significant decrease in the number of male flowers / plant and sex expression in both seasons comparing to control or dates of application alone.24. Weight of fruits per plant and per feddan and weight of 100 fruits were highly significantly increased as a result of using complete fertilizer at 4000 ppm interacted with one spray after 60 days from planting compared to most of the other interaction ones.25. The combination treatment between complete fertilizer at 4000 ppm concentration and one spray after 60 days from planting exhibited significant increase in oil percentage and yield per plant and per feddan compared with the other interaction ones or control.26. The highest value of the main component of fennel oil percentage (anethole) was recorded in plants treated with high level of complete fertilizer at 4000 ppm combined with one spray after 60 days from planting compared to the other interaction treatments.27. The percentages and contents of each of total carbohydrates, nitrogen, protein, phosphorus and potassium recorded highly significant increase by using complete fertilizer concentration at 4000 ppm level under that of one spray after 60 days from planting compared to most of the other ones under study in both seasons.28. Zinc, manganese and iron contents were highly significantly increased by using the interaction treatment between complete fertilizer concentration at 4000 ppm and one spray after 60 days compared to control.29. Correlation coefficient study: under complete fertilizer treatments, oil yield / plant gave positive and highly significant pertinences with each of leaves dry weight/ plant, number of bisexual flowers/ plant, number of umbels / plant, total nitrogen and iron contents/ plant. Also, it showed positive and significant correlations with both weight of fruits/ plant and total carbohydrates content/ plant, While, it negatively exhibited highly significant correlation with number of male flowers / plant. Likewise, correlation coefficients between the other characters of fennel were also studied.Recommendation30. Foeniculum vulgare plants tolerated saline water irrigation conditions by using sea water salt crust up to 1000 ppm without economical injury on its growth, fruits and volatile oil productivity as well as some chemical constituents.31.Generally, the highest values of fruits and volatile oil yield of Foeniculum vulgare plant could be obtained by using complete fertilizer (Sangral) at 4000 ppm with one spray after 60 days from planting under the new reclaimed soils and drip irrigation system conditions.
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