Stunting is one of the most important public health concerns in Egypt. Childhood stunting increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in children, impairs mental development and affects their cognitive abilities. The aimof the present study was to explore the role of food insecurity and anemia in the occurrence of stunting among children under five years. Subjects and Methods: A case-control research design was used to conduct the present study. Study sample included 300 children under five years and their caregivers distributed equally in the form of case (150) and control (150) groups, were selected by a non-probability purposive sampling technique attending pediatric nutrition clinic for cases and general pediatric clinic, Zagazig University Hospital for control.Tools of data collection: Four tools wereused for collecting data. Tool (I): Interview questionnaire. Tool (II): Household food insecurity access scale. Tool (III): Scale of guidelines for measuring household and individual dietary diversity. Tool (IV): Physical assessment form. Results: The study results revealed that 54.0% of children in the case group were found to be food secure compared to 98.7% of control group. Furthermore, the majority of cases (80.0%) were below normal hemoglobin level compared to 47.3% of control group.Conclusion: The study concluded that there were positive correlations between stunting and food insecurity, and between stunting and anemia among children under five years. Recommendations: It is recommended that nutritional education promotes a well-balanced diet and healthy eating habits.