The issue of child labor has a great concern due to its social, economic, and other implications. It is considered an important indicator for assessing the economic and social status of a family and is closely linked to the educational, cultural, and economic status of the family, as well as its impact on individual behavior. The study aims to address child labor in the city of Damietta in terms of the characteristics of working children and their families, focusing on the economic and social dimensions behind the spread of this phenomenon in Damietta society. It examined the relationships between this phenomenon and other economic and social variables, monitored the economic sectors and activities that attract working children the most, determined the income of working children and the average number of working hours that determine a child's choice of a specific job, and the duration of work for children engaged in sovereign activities in the study area. and the motives that led children to join the workforce at an early age, including social, economic, and cultural motives. The field study was used primarily to collect data, and the study concluded that economic motives were among the most important reasons for children joining the workforce at an early age, and that the social conditions of the family play an important role in child labor and other variables.