C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a chemokine receptor. Paired box protein 5 (PAX5) is a nuclear transcription factor. Octamer-binding protein 2 (OCT2) is a B-cell-restricted transcription factor. This study aimed to evaluate the protein expression of CXCR4, PAX5, and OCT2, as well as the gene expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST)/miR-34/PAX5, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The study included 67 patients with DLBCL and 15 lymphoid tissue samples from reactive lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) methods were used to evaluate protein expression. Gene expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Correlation analysis showed significant negative correlations between miR-34 expression and each of the XIST expression (r = -0.41, P < 0.001) and PAX5 expression (r = -0.43, P < 0.001). At the same time, there was a strong positive correlation between XIST expression and PAX5 expression (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings indicate that CXCR4, OCT2, and PAX5 IHC expressions can be considered diagnostic markers in DLBCL. In addition, the XIST/ miR-34/PAX5 axis may serve as a potential diagnostic marker in DLBCL. Moreover, CXCR4 and XIST/miR- 34/PAX5 expressions may be potential prognostic markers in DLBCL.