The Egyptian queen Merit-Amun is well known for her beautiful limestone statue, which was discovered lying face-down in 1981 within the temple complex dedicated to her father (Rameses II), in Akhmim, Upper Egypt. This statue is regarded as the tallest representation of an ancient Egyptian queen. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the degradation processes of the statue caused by certain insects including Hymenopter, Oriental hornets and Mud-daubers, which can be related to the environment and its changes over time. Furthermore, effects of other deterioration dominated in the study area, particularly groundwater. Some samples (stone, deteriorated surfaces and nests) were collected from varies locations on the statue to study the forms of deterioration. Light digital microscope (LDM), polarizing microscope (PM), scanning electronic microscopy equipped with EDX unit (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to analyze the composition of the stone substrate, the composition and microstructure of deteriorated products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the nests of dominated insects, furthermore, Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and ion selective electrode (ISE) were used to study the chemical components of groundwater samples and the microbiological study. The results revealed that the statue was carved from very fine-grained limestone (micrite) and it was seriously affected by on one hand, bad environmental factors while buried underground, due to the relatively moist soil conditions. On the other hand, effects of saline water, bio-deterioration, insect damage and abrupt fluctuations in temperature and humidity after excavation. All of these factors led to micro-dissolution processes and subsequent calcite recrystallization, especially in the presence of other salt minerals (mainly sulfates) and iron ions. which increased the dissolution rate. This may eventually compromise the stone’s durability, creating voids and hairline cracks and resulting in surfaces that are more susceptible to water absorption