Background Heavy metal (HM) poisoning is considered an ongoing global health problem. Occupational exposure is one of the primary sources of human intoxication, particularly in developing countries with a lack of strict legislation for the protection of workers. Evaluation of genetic damage in workers exposed to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) plays a considerable role in anticipating health hazards. Aim of the work Assessment of blood Pb and Cd levels and evaluating their genotoxicity, besides their effect on DNA repair genes among workers of a cable factory. Subjects and methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among workers of a cable factory in 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt. A total of 100 volunteers (50 in the exposed group compared to 50 non-exposed subjects) were recruited for the study. Blood Pb and Cd levels, hematological parameters, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a DNA oxidative damage marker, oxidative stress indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and expression of 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) and x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) genes were all investigated. Results The exposed workers showed higher Pb, Cd, 8-OHdG, and MDA levels, along with a decline in GSH and expression of DNA repair genes compared to the non-exposed group. Conclusion Occupational exposure to lead and cadmium leads to higher blood levels of both metals, elevated oxidative indicators, DNA oxidative damage, and downregulated DNA repair genes among cable workers.