This book offers a comprehensive exploration of strategies to combat pressing environmental challenges, focusing on pollution remediation and climate change mitigation. It presents innovative recycling models and advanced tertiary water treatment methods as viable solutions to these global issues. As humanity faces the consequences of pollution, from plastic waste to industrial contamination, this book highlights the need for sustainable practices that ensure environmental and biological continuity. It addresses the critical question of how to remediate plastic pollution, a major environmental crisis affecting marine life, terrestrial ecosystems, and human health. The chapters cover a wide range of topics, including the comparison of bioremediation and nanomaterials, phytoremediation of domestic wastewater, and the integration of mine rehabilitation practices in the context of climate change. Readers will discover the ecological importance of bacteria and fungi in bioremediation, the role of microbes in environmental restoration, and the potential of phycoremediation algae in mitigating climate change. The book also examines the impact of viral and fungal remediation in creating a healthy environment and the role of biofertilizers in soil remediation. This volume is essential for researchers, environmental scientists, and policymakers seeking to understand and implement effective pollution remediation strategies. It offers valuable insights into the intersection of technology and ecology, making it a must-read for anyone committed to preserving our planet for future generations.