This investigation was conducted to comprehend further the genetic diversity of some Egyptian wheat genotypes under drought conditions and to assess the polymorphism information content of some wheat SSR primers. Sixteen wheat genotypes were evaluated across three irrigation levels (normal irrigation, Water Deficit 1, and Water Deficit 2). A combined split-plot design with three replications in randomized complete blocks was utilized. With values of 68.03, 100.43 cm, 89.97 days, and 53.73 g, respectively, normal irrigation produced the most grains number per spike, plant height, days to anthesis, and 1000-grain weight characteristics. Water Deficit 2 had the longest time to physiological maturity at 136.92 days. Genotype 4 had the greatest grain number per spike (68.63), and 1000-grain weight (57.88 g). Genotype 6 took the longest to reach physiological maturity (139.38 days) and anthesis (95.5 days). Two major groups were formed from the genotypes under the three conditions, each further split into two sub-groups, by morphological characteristics used in cluster analysis. Six SSR drought-specific primers were utilized for genotypes' genetic diversity, all producing scoreable bands. A total of 25 alleles were identified, ranging from 3 to 7 alleles/locus, and 18 (72 %) of them were polymorphic, with an average of 3 polymorphic alleles/ primer. The polymorphic information content of SATT 586 to SATT 177 primers had the highest (0.74) and lowest (0.52) values, respectively. Cluster analysis based on SSR markers revealed that genetic similarity values varied between 0.75 and 1.00. This study's findings suggest that the significant genetic variation between genotypes considered may aid in future selection and breeding for enhancing wheat genotypes' drought tolerance. The impact of water stress on wheat's branching stage, which is considered also a sensitive stage of wheat life, can be further investigated in our future studies.