The research sheds light on the nationalities living on the territory of the contemporary Turkish state to understand the multiple ethnicities within Turkey, as our contemporary world is witnessing what can be described as “the awakening of national or ethnic minorities, religious minorities, and linguistic minorities” who are demanding their legitimate rights from the major nationalities. This phenomenon is not new to the contemporary world; Most of the conflicts in the post-World War II period arose because of this issue. Therefore, we are faced with a global, regional and local phenomenon that has not been given the necessary attention despite its size and depth, due to its extreme sensitivity and special political circumstances in which many countries in the world suffered from colonialism and its consequences, which affected minorities negatively and without justification. The issue of national minorities is considered one of the most important issues of Turkish society, which suffers in every electoral election from the emergence of this issue, which proves every time its presence and strength inside Turkey despite its denial and resistance for many decades since the founding of the Turkish state in 1923 AD. The Turkish governments have resorted to imposing force many times to erase the presence of other nationalities, but those attempts, which cost the Turkish state a lot of expenses, failed, not to mention the thousands of deaths in those confrontations, which all ended with my death and many victims, and the presence of those nationalities remained. An effective influencer in Turkish social and political life. The issue of national minorities has turned out to be rebellious against the military solution that Turkey has pursued for many decades, given that these national minorities have preserved their culture and language within the society in which they live, and have preserved their heritage from generation to generation, as well as some of them maintaining the foundations of political existence through the establishment of political parties. A collective memory of national identity; In every political party there are pictures of historical fighters that are always preserved in writings that talk about their impact and the historical struggle for which they devoted their lives, as well as the presence of external international support for those nationalist political forces in Turkey in the face of Turkish nationalism. The nature of the study required that it include an introduction that paves the way for the topic and nature of the research, followed by the main elements of the study, which are represented by an introduction, three main sections, and a conclusion, followed by a list of the sources and references learned, as follows: