This study investigates the propagation characteristics of coupled photo-thermoelastic, microstructural, and electromagnetic waves in a semiconductor medium, focusing on the interplay between fractionalorder heat conduction, nonlocal elasticity, microstretch deformation, and Hall current effects. The underlying hypothesis is that incorporating fractional calculus and microstructural mechanics into the modeling of semiconductor materials, alongside strong magnetic excitation, can more accurately capture thermal memory, longrange mechanical interactions, and enhanced carrier redistribution than classical models. A two-dimensional (2D) generalized theoretical framework is formulated, where the classical heat conduction equation is modified using Caputo fractional derivatives, and the generalized Ohm’s law is extended to include Hall current effects. The resulting coupled partial differential equations are solved analytically using Laplace and Fourier transform techniques. Numerical simulations reveal that the fractional order and nonlocal parameters significantly influence wave attenuation, stress oscillation, and temperature diffusion. The Hall current further intensifies wave coupling and modifies carrier dynamics. These results provide valuable insights for the design of advanced semiconductor-based systems, including optoelectronic devices, photothermal sensors, and micro/nanoscale actuators operating under complex thermal and electromagnetic environments.