This study investigates the propagation of photo-thermoelastic waves in a hydrodynamic nonlocal semiconductor medium incorporating microelongation effects and governed by a fractional-order heat conduction model. The theoretical framework is based on coupled differential equations describing carrier density, thermal conduction, elastic deformation, and heat diffusion. The governing equations in one dimension (1D) include the fractional-order carrier density equation and the fractional heat conduction law, where the Caputo fractional derivative is used to model memory-dependent thermal behavior. By applying the normal mode analysis technique, we derive analytical solutions for various physical fields under prescribed boundary conditions. A comprehensive wave propagation analysis is conducted to assess the influence of the fractional order and nonlocal parameters. The results highlight the critical roles of fractional calculus and nonlocality in accurately describing semiconductor wave behavior, particularly in microstructured and thermally sensitive environments.