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Veterinary Research Communications
Springer
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| Abstract: |
Currently, there has been an obvious direction for making use of green nanotechnology in the aquaculture sector for
maintaining fish performance and health. Therefore, the current perspective is a novel attempt to assess the potential use
of green-synthesized titanium dioxide nano-gel (GSTG) fabricated by Caralluma fimbriata as a waterborne on African
catfish (Clarias gariepinus) physiological performance, histopathological changes, and Candida albicans infection resis
tance. Fish (77.90 ± 4.02 g) were assigned to four treatments, including control (CON), GSTG, C. albicans, and GSTG + C.
albicans. The fish of the CON and GSTG groups were intraperitoneally (IP) inoculated with sterile phosphate buffer
saline and exposed to 0.00 and 2.00 mg/L of GSTG, respectively. Meanwhile, the fish of the C. albicans and GSTG + C.
albicans groups were IP injected with C. albicans (0.30 × 108 CFU/fish) and treated with 0.00 and 2.00 mg/L of GSTG,
respectively, for 10 days. Findings revealed that C. albicans resulted in a reduction in fish survival (62.50%) and an
occurrence of oxidative stress response. This is indicated by lower activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and
higher levels of lipid peroxide (malonaldehyde) and a product of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine).
Additionally, an elevation in the stress indices (cortisol and glucose) and renal-hepatic functioning biomarkers (creatinine,
aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) was detected in C. albicans-challenged fish. Moreover, altera
tions in the histological picture in renal and hepatic tissues were observed, where C. albicans induced necrosis, congestion,
degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Surprisingly, the GSTG application enhanced fish survival to 85.00%, and
improved the adverse physiological consequences induced by C. albicans in all measured parameters, besides reviving the
injured tissues. Based on the study findings, GSTG exerts a potentially beneficial role in defending C. gariepinus from
physiological and health disorders prompted by the C. albicans challenge, and hence, it could be considered a potential
remedial measure in the aquaculture sector.
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