This study investigated the diversity and composition of endophytic bacterial communities in the leaves of three bamboo species, Phyllostachys edulis, Bambusa rigida, and Pleioblastus amarus, using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that bamboo species significantly influence the structure and diversity of endophytic bacterial communities. The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Myxococcota. Among the studied species, Bambusa rigida exhibited the highest diversity and abundance of endophytic bacteria, followed by Pleioblastus amarus and Phyllostachys edulis. Functional prediction analysis revealed that endophytic bacteria were mainly involved in six biological pathways including metabolism, cellular processes, environmental information processing, genetic information processing, organic systems, and human disease related pathways. Overall, these findings improve our understanding of bamboo–microbe interactions and provide useful information for bamboo forest management and the development of beneficial microorganisms with potential ecological and environmental application