This research investigates the behavior of a fiber-reinforced thermo-visco-elastic medium within a two-dimensional framework, applying the dual-phase-lag (DPL) model to analyze the complex interactions between thermal and mechanical responses. The DPL model, which introduces phase-lags for both temperature gradient and heat flux, provides an advanced approach for modeling heat conduction in visco-thermoelastic materials, where conventional Fourier’s law is insufficient. This study derives governing equations for temperature, displacement, and stress fields, incorporating viscoelastic effects alongside fiber reinforcement properties. Analytical solutions are obtained using normal mode analysis, providing valuable insights into how phase-lags and fiber reinforcement influence the distributions of thermal and mechanical fields. Numerical simulations demonstrate the impact of fiber orientation, viscoelastic damping, and phase-lags on temperature profiles and stress–strain distributions. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for phase-lag effects and material reinforcement in the design and application of visco-thermoelastic media, especially in high-performance engineering materials subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses.