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Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
MDPI
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| Abstract: |
Ensuring the security and privacy of confidential data during transmission is a critical
challenge, necessitating advanced techniques to protect against unwarranted disclosures.
Steganography, a concealment technique, enables secret information to be embedded
in seemingly harmless carriers such as images, audio, and video. This work proposes
two secure audio steganography models based on the least significant bit (LSB) and discrete
wavelet transform (DWT) techniques for concealing different types of multimedia data (i.e.,
text, image, and audio) in audio files, representing an enhancement of current research
that tends to focus on embedding a single type of multimedia data. The first model
(secured model (1)) focuses on high embedding capacity, while the second model (secured
model (2)) focuses on improved security. The performance of the two proposed secure
models was tested under various conditions. The models’ robustness was greatly enhanced
using convolutional encoding with binary phase shift keying (BPSK). Experimental results
indicated that the correlation coefficient (Cr) of the extracted secret audio in secured model
(1) increased by 18.88% and by 16.18% in secured model (2) compared to existing methods.
In addition, the Cr of the extracted secret image in secured model (1) was improved by 0.1%
compared to existing methods. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the steganography
audio of secured model (1) was improved by 49.95% and 14.44% compared to secured
model (2) and previous work, respectively. Furthermore, both models were evaluated
in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system over various wireless
channels, i.e., Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), fading, and SUI-6 channels. In
order to enhance the system performance, OFDM was combined with differential phase
shift keying (DPSK) modulation and convolutional coding. The results demonstrate that
secured model (1) is highly immune to noise generated by wireless channels and is the
optimum technique for secure audio steganography on noisy communication channels.
Keywords: steganography (Stego); discrete wavelet transform (DWT); least significant
bit (LSB); Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN); binary phase shift keying (BPSK);
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM); peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR);
differential phase shift keying (DPSK); Stanford University Interim (SUI-6)
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