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Aquaculture International
Springer
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| Abstract: |
Immunostimulant phytogenic feed additives are given great concern for improving fish
health, growth, immune responses, and resistance to diseases. This research investigated
the impact of dietary propolis (PRO), turmeric (TUR), and their combination on the
growth, hematology, antioxidant-immune responses, and their regulating genes in Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during Edwardsiella tarda challenge. For 8 weeks, a total
number of 320 fish (20.70 ± 0.14 g) were allocated into four groups at random, each with
eight replicates (10 fish each). The first group (1st) was given the basal diet (control) with
out any supplements. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups were supplemented with 1% PRO, 1%
TUR, and the mixture (1%PRO + 1%TUR), respectively. The experimental groups were
challenged intraperitoneally with E. tarda at a dose of 0.1 mL (1 × 105 CFU) at the termi
nation of the feeding trial, and the fish survival was estimated for an additional 7 days. The
results demonstrated that fish-fed diets supplemented with PRO and/or TUR showed higher
body weight, condition factor, specific growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency utiliza
tion than the control group (P < 0.05). The hematological, protein profile, and antioxidant
immune (total antioxidant capacity, lysozymes, and IgM) parameters were substantially
improved in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged
non-fed fish. The lipid profile and malondialdehyde were substantially decreased in the
challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed group.
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