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Scientific Reports
Springer nature
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| Abstract: |
Variation in water temperature has a big impact on fish physiology, behavior, growth, and other
biological processes. The current perspective aimed to assess the ameliorative effects of Spirulinaco-enzyme Q10 nanoemulsion (SCN) dietary inclusion on reared Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
health aspects under heat stress conditions (32 °C). A random design was used to establish 5 groups
of Nile tilapia (n=225), each consisting of 15 fish in triplicates. After being given a baseline diet, the
1st (C25) and 2nd (SCN0) groups were raised at 25 °C and 32 °C respectively and supplemented by a
basal diet. Diets supplemented with a10, 20, and 40 mg/kg diet were given to groups 3 (SCN10), 4
(SCN20), and 5 (SCN40), respectively, which were raised at 32 °C for 60 days. At the termination of
the 60-day session, growth metrics, and immunological biomarkers were assessed. Tissue specimens
were also obtained for further assessment of the antioxidant status and histopathological alterations.
A subsequent bacterial challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae was performed, where mortalities,
clinical symptoms, and postmortem lesions were investigated. As per the results of the investigation,
dietary incorporation with SCN40 followed by SCN20 significantly promoted growth metrics and
immunological biomarkers, where the lowest records were noted in SCN0. Tissue antioxidants (SOD,
GST, and CAT) showed notable improvement in SCN40, which also expressed the lowest MDA value
compared to SCN0. Nonetheless, oxidative stress mediators and lipid peroxidation markers revealed
a marked decline in SCN-fortified groups in a concentration-associated pattern compared with the
SCN0 group. Histopathological evaluation of liver, intestine, and spleen tissues revealed a noticeable
improvement and almost restoration of the normal tissue architecture in the SCN20 and SCN40
groups. Following the Streptococcus agalactiae challenge, Nile tilapia survivability was significantly
higher in SCN40 (80%) than in SCN20 (74%). Taken together, SCN, especially at 20 and 40 mg levels,
demonstrated its valuable impact on mitigating heat stress in the Nile tilapia
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