Melatonin treatment during the early neonatal period in preeclamptic rats could result in a wide range of maternal and fetal health benefits and might help limit complications during this critical period. Melatonin appears to play a crucial role in neonatal outcomes, including increased birth weight and reduced rates of fetal death. Additionally, melatonin is an important regulator of the complex embryo-fetal developmental processes via its neuroprotective effects. These effects are exerted partially by protecting the fetal brain against PEinduced oxidative stress and apoptotic damage, increasing PLGF and fetal brain TGF-β. Targeting TGF-β signaling could provide a novel therapeutic strategy to improve PEinduced fetal brain complications, which might eventually lead to strategies to augment functional recovery in the offspring. However, further studies are required to confirm that the supplementation of TGF-β could have therapeutic potentials for prevention of PE-induced fetal brain complication and that to approve that melatonin treatment during early pregnancy has no adverse effects in adult life.