Key Enabling Technologies for 6G: The Role of UAVs, Terahertz Communication, and Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces in Shaping the Future of Wireless Networks

This paper explores the transition from 5G to 6G, envisioning an intelligent, three-dimensional network architecture capable of Terabit-per-second (Tbps) data rates and sub-millisecond latency. The study provides a comprehensive review of three key enabling technologies: Terahertz (THz) communication, which offers massive bandwidth; Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces (IRS), which serve to mitigate signal blockage and propagation loss; and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which function as mobile infrastructure to ensure flexible coverage. The research concludes that the synergistic convergence of THz, IRS, and UAVs is essential for overcoming physical limitations and realizing the full potential of future wireless networks.