Background The most severe side effect of platinum-based anticancer drugs is nephrotoxicity, which is the main barrier to the use of large dosage protocols to maximize the curative advantages. A common biomarker to detect drug-induced acute nephrotoxic injury is serum creatinine level. Objectives This research necessitates the search for new biomarkers in those patients. Methodology Fifty-nine patients getting platinum-based drugs participated in a cross-sectional study. According to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines 2012, acute renal damage was detected by routinely testing serum creatinine levels. On the first day of therapy and for three days after the drugs` cycle, serum creatinine and urine biomarkers (kidney injury molecule- 1 and human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) were assessed. Results Thirty-nine patients (66.1% of patients) experienced nephrotoxicity. The previous urine biomarkers showed a significant increase in samples collected. Compared to their baseline levels, all indicators considerably increased on the third day (P < 0.001). The optimum previous kidney injury molecule- 1 and human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin biomarkers` cutoffs for diagnosing platinum-based drugs-induced nephrotoxicity are ≥1.345 with an area under the curve of 0.87, 92.3% sensitivity, and 80 % specificity, & ≥418.95 with an area under the curve of 0.772, 87.2% sensitivity, and 80 % specificity respectively. Compared to serum creatinine, urinary biomarkers are more accurate than serum creatinine for predicting nephrotoxicity caused by platinum-based drugs. Conclusion The most precise biomarker for platinum-based drug patients' early nephrotoxicity prediction is kidney injury molecule -1.