Egypt took a set of decisions and measures in its foreign trade policy that directly affected the movement and direction of agricultural foreign trade. The Egyptian economy suffers from many problems, most notably the chronic budget deficit, as the agricultural trade balance has been exposed to many economic and political challenges, which have led to its weak contribution to supporting Egypt’s trade balance. The research aimed to study the development of the most important macroeconomic variables affecting the Egyptian agricultural trade balance deficit during The period (2001-2021), and an analysis of the impact of economic changes in total and agricultural exports on both gross domestic product and agricultural products. Statistical and analogical analysis of the relationship between the deficit in the agricultural trade balance and the most important factors affecting it. One of the most important results is that the agricultural deficit has increased by about $210 million at a significant annual rate of change of about 7.50%. It turns out that the added value of the agricultural production sector is increasing annually by a statistically significant amount of about 1.60 billion dollars, and that incoming agricultural investments are increasing annually by a statistically significant amount of about 0.28 billion dollars. There is a direct, non-significant relationship between the agricultural balance deficit and the added value of agricultural production, which indicates The development plans directed towards the agricultural sector over the past years are not economically feasible. It was found that there was a decrease in the accumulation of fixed agricultural capital by a statistically insignificant amount, and this indicates that the agricultural sector’s revenues are not directed to supporting the infrastructure of this sector. There is a significant inverse relationship between the agricultural trade deficit and the volume of loans provided to the agricultural sector. It has also been shown that increasing outward investments leads to an increase in the agricultural trade deficit. The study recommends preparing an integrated system of market mechanisms and legislative frameworks to stimulate and attract local and foreign investments.