This report provides a comprehensive scientific assessment of environmental pollution by microplastics and nano-plastics in the Arab region, recognizing these particles as emerging environmental contaminants with significant implications for ecosystems and public health. The report focuses on monitoring sources, distribution, and accumulation of plastic particles across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments, while characterizing their physical and chemical properties, including size, shape, and dominant polymer types. The findings document elevated levels of microplastic contamination in coastal and marine environments, including seawater, sediments, and marine organisms, with marked spatial variability linked to population density and tourism and industrial activities. Evidence of bioaccumulation in fish and other marine species is highlighted, with contamination patterns influenced by organism size, feeding behavior, and geographic habitat. The report identifies key sources of pollution, such as single-use plastic products, tire wear particles, and personal care products containing plastic microbeads, alongside deficiencies in waste management systems. Major challenges to effective monitoring and control are outlined, including limited availability of standardized data, inadequate analytical infrastructure, and gaps in environmental legislation and enforcement across several Arab countries. The report concludes with strategic, policy-oriented recommendations aimed at decision-makers and research institutions, emphasizing the strengthening of environmental monitoring systems, harmonization of methodologies, legislative reform, research capacity building, and public awareness initiatives to mitigate plastic pollution and support environmental sustainability in the Arab region.