Background: The field of spinal surgery is very rapidly advancing. Posttraumatic lumbar fractures represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the role of different surgical treatments in survival, complications, and other outcomes of interest is imperative in order to determine optimum treatment modalities. With increasing evidence supporting surgical intervention for these patients, numerous studies have sought to compare outcomes among different treatment paradigms. So we aimed to predict the outcomes of surgical treatment for post-traumatic lumbar fractures. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Neurosurgery department of Zagazig University Hospitals. The sample consisted of 30 patients with traumatic lumbar spine fractures, divided into two groups: Group (I) 15 patients treated with surgical fixation who had neurological deficits, and Group (II) 15 patients treated surgically without neurological deficits. Results: There were highly statistically significant difference between VAS preoperative, VAS after 2 day, PVAS After 12 week and PVAS After 6 month. There were highly statistically significant difference between ODI preoperative, ODI After 2 day, ODI After 12 week and ODI After 6 month Conclusion: Decompressive laminectomy and transpedicular shortsegment screw fixation improve clinical outcomes, including pain and functional impairment, for post-traumatic lumbar fractures, according to our study. Kyphotic angles, PVAS scores, and ODI scores improved postoperatively, with early surgery correcting kyphosis better.