| Journal: |
Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
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Volume: |
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| Abstract: |
Background: Colorectal cancer is considered the third most
prevalent cancer in both sexes. Immune checkpoint receptors that
regulate T-cell response, stimulation, and development include
lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte
associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and T-cell immunoglobulin and
mucin domain 3 (Tim-3). In addition, they are crucial for the
advancement of cancer and tumor immune escape.
Objective: This work’s aim was to assess the immunohisto
chemistry expression of Tim-3, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 in cancer
cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colorectal
cancer (CRC) and the correlation between these markers and
clinicopathological variables and survival data.
Methods: This study involved 206 CRC specimens processed for
CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3 immunohistochemistry and corre
lated with the clinicopathological and survival parameters of the
patients.
Results: High CTLA-4 epithelial expression was highly related to
the old age group, large tumor size, low tumor-stroma ratio
(TSR), high grade, advanced stage, the presence of distant
metastasis (DM), perineural invasion (PNI), necrosis, lympho
vascular invasion (LVI), relapse, mortality, overall survival (OS),
and disease-free survival (DFS), while negative CTLA-4 TILs
expression was highly linked with the presence of gross perfo
ration, low TSR, high tumor budding (TB) score, high grade,
advanced stage, the existence of lymph node (LN) metastasis,
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