Digital transformation is one of the most important features of the current era, as most Arab governments undertake this transformation in their various sectors, and this transformation is accompanied by a set of risks related to the circulation of data. Therefore, studying aspects of criminal protection for such data in light of digital transformation and the spread of artificial intelligence technology was an urgent necessity in order to ensure the security and safety of such data. Determining what data should be protected - under the umbrella of criminal law - exclusively is a fantasy, because we cannot limit them. The complexity and multiplicity of types of data makes it difficult to identify, and the greatest difficulty lies in determining what is permissible to publish and circulate, and what is the opposite, as it is prohibited to publish or circulate, but rather the person who has committed this behavior is considered to have committed a crime. Failure to specify a clear standard that differentiates between permitted information and protected information makes the picture blurry and unclear to the general public. Regarding the importance of digital transformation, it plays an important role in eliminating money laundering and tax evasion crimes. Its danger lies in the illegal exploitation of this data using artificial intelligence algorithms, to filter the interests and tendencies of the owners of that data, so companies can provide products and advertisements that match their interests, and even develop into changing their political tendencies by injecting news that matches their interests and change their orientations. Many problems arise, such as: Has the government prepared technically to protect data in light of its digital transformation? What legislation has been enacted in order to ensure the criminal protection of data? Keywords: digital transformation, data protection, artificial intelligence, e-government.