Biochemical Aspects of Mild Head Injury: Detection and Diagnostic Value of Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) and S100B Protein Levels: A Medicolegal View

Faculty Medicine Year: 2024
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages:
Authors:
Journal: Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology local Volume:
Keywords : Biochemical Aspects , Mild Head Injury: Detection    
Abstract:
Human Exposure to acetamiprid (ACP) is highly frequent because it is widely used insecticide. Acetamiprid has potential toxic health effects on liver and kidney that make it an issue of concern to public health. Carvacrol is an antioxidant and has therapeutic uses. Aim: This work was done to evaluate the Carvacrol protective role against highly toxic effects of acetamiprid produced biochemical, histo-pathological and immune-histochemical changes in liver and kidney of male albino rats. Material and Methods: Thirty-two adult male albino rats were divided into: Control group, carvacrol-treated, acetamparide-treated, and carvacrol +acetamparide treated group. By the end of the 4th week, 24 hours after the last dose, the following laboratory markers were measured: serum ALT, AST, Total bilirubin, Urea, uric acid, and Creatinine. Hepatic and renal tissue MDA, catalase and reduced glutathione. DNA fragmentation assay was done and DNA fragmentation visualized on gel electrophoresis in both hepatic and renal tissues. Histopathological study by H&E and Mallory trichome stain was done. Immunohistochemical staining by cleaved caspase 3 and iNOS were demonstrated. Results: In the acetamiprid treated group, there was increase in ALT, AST, total bilirubin, uric acid, Creatinine and Urea serum levels. Also, acetamiprid induced elevation in liver and kidney tissues MDA. Acetamiprid caused decrease in hepatic and renal tissue catalase and GSH. The DNA fragmentation assay detected increased DNA fragmentation in hepatic and renal tissues of the acetamiprid group and was lowered by Co-administration of carvacrol. Histopathology and Immunohistochemical staining showed that: Acetamiprid induced histological damages and strong immunoreaction decreased by co-treatment of carvacrol. Conclusion: Administration of carvacrol produced partial and incomplete improvement of liver and kidney function and histology beside an improvement in oxidative stress and inflammation caused by acetamiprid. Recommendations: Further studies are needed to investigate other protective substances against acetamiprid toxicity. Keywords: Carvacrol, acetamiprid, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, rats.
   
     
 
       

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