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مجلة الزقازيق للبحوث الزراعية
جامعه الزقازيق
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In light of the axes of fish wealth development, marine fish farming, shrimp are considered marine fish of high quality and high prices, and with the success of shrimp hatching, it is an incentive to encourage farming in marine waters, especially with the deficit in the trade balance, which was estimated at more than 3 billion L.E in 2022, despite the availability of obstacles to farming represents only 0.22% of the volume of fish production from farming in Egypt in 2022, in addition to reliance on... On imports, about 63.5% of what is available for consumption. This study aimed to measure the productive and economic efficiency of marine shrimp farming. The study relied on published secondary data for the period (2011-2021), in addition to primary data from the Suez Canal Fish Farming Company for the year 2023. Descriptive statistics methods were used in addition to the Alpha Chang model to estimate the annual growth rate, and farm budget analysis to estimate profitability and product margin. The most important results were: The fluctuation of shrimp production during the study period, and the reliance on natural sources, especially production from the Mediterranean Sea, where production represents about 62% of the production of natural sources and about 53% of the total shrimp production in Egypt as an average for the study period. Production from shrimp aquaculture fluctuated, as it went through periods of increase (2011-2014) and then decline (2015-2019), then it increased in recent years with interest in cultivating and establishing new projects, including the city of Ghalioun, the Fayrouz Farm, the Suez Canal, and Diba, which represent these four government farms. About 53.65% of shrimp production is from farming and about 13.47% of the total Shrimp production, and private farms contribute about 13.17% of the total shrimp production in Egypt in 2021. As for shrimp seed, the Ghalioun hatchery, which has been operating since 2020, contributes about 95% of the total shrimp seed production in 2021, despite the reliance on private hatcheries until 2019. It was found that feed loading rates were about 100 thousand units per acre, and about 67 units per kilogram of product. The food conversion rate was estimated at about 1.8 kilograms of feed per kilogram of shrimp, and productivity per acre was estimated at about 1.5 tons. The loss rate ranged between 9.9% and 25.2%, with an average of 16.65%. The study estimated the average costs of producing a kilogram of shrimp at approximately 94.4 to 103.95, according to the analysis hypothesis. The importance of fixed costs ranged between 16.39% to 23.38% of the total average costs, the most important of which is the administration and general labor item, then finding the ideal. As for the variable costs, they ranged from 83.6% to 76.6%, the most important of which is Feed costs, which represent about 76% of variable costs, then seed for about 21%, that is, together they represent about 97% of the variable costs, that is, 81.15% of the total costs. The average price of a kilogram was estimated at approximately 163.2 pounds. Accordingly, this activity achieves a positive net profit after deducting all costs, ranging from 68.7 to 60.1 pounds per kilogram. This represents an incentive to expand this activity, since according to economic theory, this profit disappears in the long run. It was also shown that the product margin as a percentage of the selling price ranged from 42.11% to 36.83%, depending on the analysis assumption. The study showed that the problems of shrimp farming are expensive, just like fish farming, the most important of which is the provision of appropriate feed of the appropriate quality and price, in addition to the provision of seed, in addition to the phenomenon of moulting, which does not allow the production of large size
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