Civil infrastructure projects, including roads, bridges, distribution networks, and treatment facilities, need to be executed successfully to actualize the expected return on investment, deliver the planned services, and fulfill national objectives. Hence, this research investigates the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing the performance of infrastructure construction projects using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative methodology comprises a thorough and systematic literature review to identify the CSFs affecting infrastructure project performance. The CSFs were categorized by the construction project phases to assess the significance of each phase on project performance. The quantitative technique entails two stages: a pilot study with structured interviews and a questionnaire survey administered to subject matter experts. The data was analyzed using three statistical techniques: one-sample t-test, mean score, and factor analysis. Furthermore, the CSFs were classified into five categories using principal component analysis. According to the findings, the key CSFs of infrastructure projects include the project manager’s competency, commitment, and involvement; sufficient funding throughout the project’s life cycle; and effective communication and coordination among stakeholders. The results will provide construction professionals with valuable insights into the topmost CSFs that contribute to the success of infrastructure construction projects.