Climate change is one of the most pressing and contemporary issues in the fields of agricultural sciences. Climate vulnerability threatens global food production systems, affecting people’s lives. Climate change also poses a threat to the capabilities and wealth of future generations. The Paris Climate Agreement (COP21) is one of the efforts to mitigate climate change to bring global temperature decrease below 2 °C and to follow efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C. The agricultural sector is one of most sensitive sector to climate change. Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change showed that the developing countries agriculture would be affected by severe desertification, floods, salinity, drought, rising temperature, and extreme events. As a result, climate change may threaten food security which would necessitate coordinated efforts to ensure food security on a long-term basis. Worldwide agriculture is greatly affected by the three major abiotic factors, viz., high temperature, salinity, and water scarcity. Salinity is among the major stresses to food production, having been one of the causes of the ancient Mesopotamian great commercial losses of above 10 billion USD. In the context, this book tried to present the impact of salinity on Sustainable Crop Production. Understanding cultivar differences and genotypes controlling traits of adaptation to stress is one of the best options for adaptation and salinity conditions in light of the changing climate. Therefore, this book helps to give an understanding of impact of salinity on morpho-physiological, anatomical, biochemical, molecular structures, reactive oxygen species, germination, nodulation, growth vegetation, yield and quality of crop plants, and then sustainable crop production.