The WHO List of Medically Important Antimicrobials is a comprehensive document designed to guide the responsible use of antimicrobials across human, animal, plant, and environmental health sectors. Its primary objective is to mitigate the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) resulting from non-human antimicrobial usage. ​ Key Highlights: Categorization of Antimicrobials: The list classifies antimicrobial agents based on their significance in human medicine and their authorization status:​ Authorized for Use in Humans Only: This category includes newer antimicrobials vital for treating serious multidrug-resistant infections in humans. Their use is restricted exclusively to human medicine to preserve their efficacy. ​ Medically Important Antimicrobials: Subdivided into:​ Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials (HPCIA): These are essential for treating serious bacterial infections in humans and are often the sole or limited treatment options. Examples include third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, and polymyxins. Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIA): These agents are crucial but may have alternative treatments available. Highly Important Antimicrobials (HIA): Important for human medicine but with broader treatment alternatives. Important Antimicrobials (IA): These have the least priority among medically important antimicrobials. Not Medically Important: Antimicrobials not used in human medicine and thus considered to have a lower risk concerning human AMR.​ Risk Management Recommendations: The document emphasizes the need for prudent use of antimicrobials in non-human sectors. It advocates for:​ Restricting Use: Limiting or prohibiting the use of certain antimicrobials, especially those categorized as HPCIA, in animals and agriculture to reduce the risk of AMR transmission to humans.​ Surveillance and Monitoring: Implementing robust surveillance systems to monitor antimicrobial usage and resistance patterns across all sectors.​ Guideline Development: Formulating guidelines for responsible antimicrobial use in veterinary and agricultural practices, aligning with international standards.​ The WHO's categorization serves as a critical tool for policymakers, regulatory authorities, healthcare professionals, veterinarians, and stakeholders involved in antimicrobial stewardship. By understanding the importance of each antimicrobial class and implementing recommended risk management strategies, the global community can work towards preserving the effectiveness of these vital medicines and combating the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance.