This paper reports the first study of phyco-remediation of cyantraniliprole, a second-generation diamide insecticide with high toxicity and persistence in aquatic environments, using the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cultures of C. reinhardtii were treated with four concentrations of cyantraniliprole (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm). The removal efficiency, antioxidant responses, and biomass composition of the microalga were measured after 1 h and one week of exposures. C. reinhardtii was able to remove cyantraniliprole from the medium by biodegradation, biotransformation, bioaccumulation, and bio-adsorption mechanisms, achieving up to 87.0% removal within 1 h and 84.5% after one week. The microalga also maintained acceptable levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, indicating its tolerance to cyantraniliprole stress. Moreover, some treated cultures (especially those with 25 and 50 ppm cyantraniliprole) showed enhanced specific growth rate, and biomass productivity compared to control cultures. In addition, those with 50 and 100 ppm cyantraniliprole showed enhanced carbohydrate and lipid concentrations compared to the control cultures. These results suggest that C. reinhardtii is a promising candidate for bioremediation of cyantraniliprole-contaminated water and biofuel production.