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Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Nexus Academic Publishers
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Ketamine is known for its analgesic and sedative properties. However, the effectiveness of low-dose ketamine in minimizing the cardiorespiratory depression caused by propofol and sevoflurane in spontaneously breathing dogs during laparotomy remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose continuous ketamine infusion to mitigate the hemodynamic fluctuations associated with propofol, sevoflurane, and surgery. Therefore, sixteen healthy male dogs were randomly divided into four groups. G1 and G3 were induced by intravenous propofol (1 mg/kg/min), G2 and G4 received a ketamine bolus (2 mg/kg IV) followed by propofol (1 mg/kg/min). Maintenance anesthetics varied: G1 had sevoflurane (initial end-tidal concentration 2%) given in 1 L/min of 100% oxygen; G2 had ketamine CRI (0.6 mg/kg/h) and sevoflurane as in G1; G3 had a continuous propofol infusion (at a starting rate of 0.125 mg/kg/min); and G4 had ketamine CRI (0.6 mg/kg/h) and propofol CRI as in G3. Cardiorespiratory variables, including heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, were recorded 30 minutes after premedication (baseline), 15 until 90 minutes post-induction, along with end-tidal sevoflurane, tidal volume, end-tidal carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation. The results revealed that G2 and G4 demonstrated superior hemodynamic stability, with more consistent in HR and MAP, reflected by the lowest coefficient of variation (18.7, 20.5% for HR; 15.8, 20.5% for MAP) throughout anesthesia and during the surgical procedure (2, 6% for HR; 5, 6% for MAP). In conclusion, combining a low dose of ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h with propofol or sevoflurane can enhance hemodynamic stability in spontaneously breathing dogs undergoing laparotomy.
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